Na2FeP2O7: A Safe Cathode for Rechargeable Sodium-ion Batteries

Abstract

Vying for newer sodium-ion chemistry for rechargeable batteries, Na2FeP2O7 pyrophosphate has been recently unveiled as a 3 V high-rate cathode. In addition to its low cost and promising electrochemical performance, here we demonstrate Na2FeP2O7 as a safe cathode with high thermal stability. Chemical/electrochemical desodiation of this insertion compound has led to the discovery of a new polymorph of NaFeP2O7. High-temperature analyses of the desodiated state NaFeP2O7 show an irreversible phase transition from triclinic (P-1) to the ground state monoclinic (P21/c) polymorph above 560 C. It demonstrates high thermal stability, with no thermal decomposition and/or oxygen evolution until 600 C, the upper limit of the present investigation. This high operational stability is rooted in the stable pyrophosphate (P2O7)4- anion, which offers better safety than other phosphate-based cathodes. It establishes Na2FeP2O7 as a safe cathode candidate for large-scale economic sodium-ion battery applications.