Place-based disadvantage, social exclusion and the value of mobility

Abstract

Connections between mobility and social exclusion have been of research and policy interest for some years, a high value being estimated for additional trips by those at risk of mobility-related exclusion. Those values have been based on individual-level characteristics. To date, the influence of place, or neighbourhood, on risk of social exclusion and on the associated value of trip making by at-risk people has not been considered. This paper adds a measure of neighbourhood to individual factors to explore risk of social exclusion and then shows how the value of additional trips varies by level of social exclusion risk.