Transport Disadvantage, Social Exclusion and Subjective Wellbeing: The Role of Built Environment – Evidence from Sydney, Australia

Abstract

This study explores the effects of the built environment on transport disadvantage, social exclusion, personal health and subjective wellbeing (SWB) using survey data collected in four socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Sydney, Australia. The data is analysed at both neighbourhood and individual levels using both descriptive analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM). Overall, our model supports the hypothesis that a walkable neighbourhood environment, measured by density, diversity, access, and infrastructure for walking and cycling, helps to reduce transport disadvantage and increase social inclusion. However, the impact of the physical environment does not carry forward to impact personal health and SWB. The exception to this finding is where the environment is perceived to be aesthetically pleasing – a variable which significantly positively affects SWB. In addition to the physical environment, crime is a significant factor that directly influences transport disadvantage and SWB.