• Advances in Anion Receptor Chemistry 

      Chen, Lijun; Berry, Stuart N.; Wu, Xin; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2020-01-01
      This review covers advances in anion complexation in the years 2017 and 2018. The review focuses on the applications of anion receptor chemistry, including sensing, self-assembly, extraction, transport, catalysis, and ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Anion binding in metal-organic frameworks 

      Wu, Xin; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2021
      Despite commonly being used as the host for gases, solvents and other neutral molecules, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received recent attention as supramolecular anion binding hosts with a broad range of environmental ...
      Open Access
      Preprint
    • Anion receptor chemistry: Highlights from 2016 

      Gale, Philip A.; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Wu, Xin; Spooner, Michael J.
      Published 2018-02-01
      This review covers recent advances in anion receptor chemistry from 2016, including developments in self-assembly, sensing, anion separation, transport, catalysis and fundamental advances in anion recognition systems.
      Open Access
      Article
    • Aryl urea substituted fatty acids: a new class of protonophoric mitochondrial uncoupler that utilises a synthetic anion transporter 

      Rawling, Tristan; MacDermott-Opeskin, Hugh; Roseblade, Ariane; Pazderka, Curtis; Clarke, Callum; Bourget, Kirsi; Wu, Xin; Lewis, William; Noble, Benjamin; Gale, Philip A.; O'Mara, Megan L.; Cranfield, Charles; Murray, Michael
      Published 2020
      Respiring mitochondria establish a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) that is used to generate ATP. Protein-independent mitochondrial uncouplers collapse the proton gradient and disrupt ATP ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Carbazole-based bis-ureas and thioureas as electroneutral anion transporters 

      Wang, Patrick; Wu, Xin; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2021
      We report a series of easily accessible carbazole-based bis-ureas and thioureas as effective anion receptors and transporters. The compounds exhibit moderate Cl− binding affinity in wet DMSO and Cl− transport capabilities ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Crown ether-thiourea conjugates as ion transporters 

      Zhao, Zhixing; Tang, Bailing; Yan, Xiaosheng; Wu, Xin; Li, Zhao; Gale, Philip A.; Jiang, Yun-Bao
      Published 2022
      Na+, Cl− and K+ are the most abundant electrolytes present in biological fluids that are essential to the regulation of pH homeostasis, membrane potential and cell volume in living organisms. Herein, we report synthetic ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Design of Chiral Supramolecular Polymers Exhibiting a Negative Nonlinear Response 

      Chen, Xuan-Xuan; Lin, Xiao-Yan; Wu, Xin; Gale, Philip A.; Anslyn, Eric V.; Jiang, Yun-Bao
      Published 2019-01-01
      Many synthetic and supramolecular chiral polymeric systems are known to exhibit the “majority rules effect” (MRE), a positive nonlinear response in which a small enantiomeric excess (ee) of the chiral building blocks leads ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Dissecting the chloride–nitrate anion transport assay 

      Yang, Yufeng; Wu, Xin; Busschaert, Nathalie; Furuta, Hiroyuki; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2017-07-01
      A systematic study of chloride vs. nitrate selectivity across six anion transporters has revealed a good correlation between the selectivities of their anion binding and membrane transport properties. This work reveals the ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Fluorescent squaramides as anion receptors and transmembrane anion transporters 

      Bao, Xiaoping; Wu, Xin; Berry, Stuart N.; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Chang, Young-Tae; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2018-01-01
      A series of squaramide-based anion transporters functionalised with the 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore has been developed for improved ionophoric activity and fluorescent imaging in cells.
      Open Access
      Article
    • Fluorinated synthetic anion carriers: experimental and computational insights into transmembrane chloride transport 

      Spooner, Michael J.; Li, Hongyu; Marques, Igor; Costa, Pedro M.R.; Wu, Xin; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Busschaert, Nathalie; Moore, Stephen J.; Light, Mark E.; Sheppard, David N.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2018-01-01
      A series of fluorinated tripodal tris-thioureas function as highly active anion transporters across lipid bilayers and cell membranes. Here, we investigate their mechanism of action using anion transport assays in cells ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Halide-selective, proton-coupled anion transport by phenylthiosemicarbazones 

      Howe, Ethan N.W.; Chang, Vai-Vai Tiffany; Wu, Xin; Fares, Mohamed; Lewis, William; Macreadie, Lauren K.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2022
      Phenylthiosemicarbazones (PTSCs) are proton-coupled anion transporters with pH-switchable behaviour known to be regulated by an imine protonation equilibrium. Previously, chloride/nitrate exchange by PTSCs was found to be ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Investigating the Influence of Steric Hindrance on Selective Anion Transport 

      Jowett, Laura A.; Ricci, Angela; Wu, Xin; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2019-04-02
      A series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkyl tren based tris-thiourea anion transporters were synthesised and their anion binding and transport properties studied. Overall, increasing the steric bulk of the substituents ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Measuring anion transport selectivity: a cautionary tale 

      Wu, Xin; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2021
      pH-dependent liposomal assays are often used to determine anion selectivity in transmembrane anion transport experiments. We discuss the validity and limitations of these assays, and provide guidelines for their use to ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • New Insights into the Anion Transport Selectivity and Mechanism of Tren-based Tris-(thio)ureas 

      Jowett, Laura A.; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Wu, Xin; Busschaert, Nathalie; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2018-06-19
      The anion transport properties of a series of previously reported tren-based anionophores have been revisited using new assays designed to measure anion uniport. This study provides new insights into the transport mechanism ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Photomodulation of Transmembrane Transport and Potential by Stiff-Stilbene Based Bis(thio)ureas 

      Wezenberg, Sander J.; Chen, Li-Jun; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Wu, Xin; Siegler, Maxime A.; Gale, Philip A.; Bos, Jasper E.; Feringa, Ben L.
      Published 2021
      Membrane transport proteins fulfil important regulatory functions in biology with a common trait being their ability to respond to stimuli in the environment. Various small-molecule receptors, capable of mediating transmembrane ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Prospects and Challenges in Anion Recognition and Transport 

      Wu, Xin; Gilchrist, Alexander M.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2020-01-01
      The genesis of anion receptor chemistry can be traced back to the late 1960s with the work of Shriver and Biallas on chelating Lewis acids and Park and Simmons on ammonium-containing cryptandlike halide receptors. Despite ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Selective anion transport mediated by strap-extended calixpyrroles 

      Clarke, Harriet J.; Wu, Xin; Light, Mark E.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2020-01-01
      Synthetic anion receptors that facilitate transmembrane chloride transport are of interest as potential therapeutic agents for cancer and cystic fibrosis. Transporters selective for chloride over protons are desired for ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Stimuli-responsive cycloaurated ‘OFF-ON’ switchable anion transporters 

      Fares, Mohamed; Wu, Xin; Ramesh, Deepthi; Lewis, William; Keller, Paul A.; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Pérez-Tomás, Ricardo; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2020-01-01
      Anion transporters have shown potential application as anti-cancer agents that function by disrupting homeostasis and triggering cell death. In this research article we report switchable anion transport by gold complexes ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Supramolecular transmembrane anion transport: new assays and insights 

      Wu, Xin; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2018
      Transmembrane anion transport has been the focus of a number of supramolecular chemistry research groups for a number of years. Much of this research is driven by the biological relevance of anion transport and the search ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Tetrapodal Anion Transporters 

      Gilchrist, Alexander M.; Chen, Lijun; Wu, Xin; Lewis, William; Howe, Ethan N.W.; Macreadie, Lauren K.; Gale, Philip A.
      Published 2020-01-01
      Synthetic anion transporters that facilitate chloride transport are promising candidates for channelopathy treatments. However, most anion transporters exhibit an undesired side effect of facilitating proton transport via ...
      Open Access
      Article