Accessible Buses in a Commercial Environment

Abstract

This paper considers the operation of accessible urban buses in a commercial environment with particular reference to the provision of services in Wellington, New Zealand. The goal of achieving fully accessible urban public transport is shared by government authorities in many OECD countries. This goal has been expressed in both specific legislation that relates directly to urban transport (eg the “Americans with Disabilities Act” (ADA)) or in the adoption of board human rights policies that imply such accessibility (eg the Australian “Disability Discrimination Act 1992” (DDA)). The implementation of this policy has given rise to widespread controversy in regard to practicality; cost effectiveness; reverse discrimination against other transport users; and ultimate financial responsibility. This controversy has been fuelled by the broad range of goals on the part of accessibility advocates, from those who are intent on developing a working transport system that provides a wider range transport options for the disabled, to those who see accessibility as a “right” that cannot be compromised by practical or financial issues. This paper addresses these issues firstly from the perspective of the operator who provides service in a commercial, competitive environment, and highlights the contrast between this environment and that in the United States, Europe and Australia where different regulations apply. Secondly, the broad issues of accessibility in buses are discussed. Thirdly, the impact that accessibility requirements will have on bus design and urban transport infrastructure are outlined, with an emphasis on the impact on smaller and medium sized buses. Fourthly, the capital and operating costs are quantified. Finally, the resolution process that has been implemented in Australia to replace legal argument is described.