Enhancing last- mile connectivity through participatory planning- A case of Namma metro, Bengaluru

Abstract

"An advanced city is not one where even the poor use cars, but rather one where even the rich use public transport" (Enrique Penalosa, 2013). The urgency for sustainable solutions has grown as rapid urbanization outpaces conventional planning methods. A paradigm shift towards inclusive, citizen-centric planning is crucial, where public participation is not just a formality but a cornerstone for creating equitable, co-producing cities. This shift is particularly important in mobility planning, where traditional practices must evolve into sustainable smart mobility solutions aimed at reducing congestion and emissions. Dynamic cities require more than technocratic advocacy; they need the integration of planning, governance, technology, and active citizen participation. This research aims to assess the transport governance for Bengaluru, one of India's largest and fastest-growing metropolises, and enhancing the last-mile connectivity for the metro system. Recognizing riders as co-creators and co-producers, the study focuses on optimizing the metro system to bridge the gap between planning and on-ground execution. The study assesses the effectiveness of governance by studying partnerships among civil societies, end users, and government agencies. Finally, the research uses qualitative methods, validated by quantitative data, to inform a framework for optimal engagement in Bengaluru's mobility planning.