The comparative effect of particle size and support acidity on hydrogenation of aromatic ketones

Abstract

A comparative study was reported for both the effects of shape‐confined cubic Pd particle size (8, 13, and 21 nm) and surface property of most commonly used supports (SiO2, Al2O3, and silica‐alumina) on catalytic performance in the chemoselective hydrogenation of three model bio‐oil chemicals (benzaldehyde, acetophenone, and butyrophenone). The results showed that the size of Pd particles could be more associated with the hydrogenation reaction than acidities of the supports. Smaller size of Pd particles, regardless of the type of the support, provided the higher catalytic performance. XPS data showed that the electronic properties of Pd particles were similar, therefore, the possible reasons were the higher fraction of Pd atoms on corner in smaller particles, the lower accessibility of hydrogen atom to reactant on bigger particles, and the more low‐coordinated sites in the small‐size particles due to the short‐range ordering. In addition, Pd/SA catalysts (Brønsted acid sites on the support) showed the highest conversion and TOF compared to Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/SiO2 catalysts. This might be due to the enhanced the diffusion rates of the chemicals on the surface of the catalysts although they could not induce the ionic effect from the metal surface. Pd/SiO2 catalysts performed better than Pd/Al2O3 catalysts (Lewis acid sites on the support). The flexible SiOH groups on surface made the easy interaction with the metal particles and promote the reaction.