Virtual Reality Gambling: Public Policy Implications for Regulation and Challenges for Consumer Protection

Abstract

Advances in Internet technology have substantially altered the characteristics of products offered by the gambling industry and associated effects on user experiences. Virtual reality gambling involves using an innovative 3D computer-based format with high-resolution graphics that totally immerses an individual into an interactive gambling environment. Regulators and policy makers are faced with the need to comprehend the full ramifications of this sophisticated mode on gambling behaviour and its potential contribution to the development of gambling disorders. This article aims to provide a description of virtual reality gambling, current market offerings and regulations, and discusses the implications for the gambling field. Although not yet widely adopted, commercially affordable virtual reality software and headsets will allow users to engage in ‘live’ gambling from any location in a fully immersive experience. For those vulnerable to experiencing problems, it is likely that the sense of involvement and presence will facilitate cravings, dissociation, behavioural disinhibition, and potential loss of control over expenditure of time and money. Virtual reality technology could enable innovative and effective harm minimisation strategies to be implemented. Although more research is needed, regulators need to consider the implications of this emerging form of gambling in a timely manner to enact safeguards to protect users.