• Experimental investigation into turbulent negatively buoyant jets using combined PIV and PLIF measurements 

      Milton-McGurk, Liam; Williamson, Nicholas; Armfield, Steven; Kirkpatrick, Michael
      Published 2020
      Turbulent negatively buoyant jets occur when the buoyancy of a jet opposes its source momentum. In these flows, the fluid will rise until it reaches a stagnation point and a return flow is established, forming a fountain ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Entrainment in Pulsing Plumes 

      Huang, Danlan; Williamson, Nicholas; Armfield, Steven
      Published 2019
      Turbulent axisymmetric lazy plumes produced by discharging saline fluid downwards into a less dense uniform environment from a round pipe are exam- ined experimentally. The plumes development is con- trolled by the source ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Characteristics of unsteadiness for transitional plane fountains in linearly stratified fluids 

      Inam, Mohammad; Lin, Wenxian; Williamson, Nicholas; Armfield, Steven; He, Yinghe
      Published 2019
      When a fountain is injected into a linearly stratified fluid, its behavior will be governed by the stratification of the ambient fluid, represented by the dimensionless temperature stratification parameter (s), in addition ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Turbulence structure of neutral and negatively buoyant jets 

      Talluru, Krishna; Armfield, Steven; Williamson, Nicholas; Kirkpatrick, Michael; Milton-McGurk, Liam
      Published 2021
      High-fidelity measurements of velocity and concentration are carried out in a neutral jet (NJ) and a negatively buoyant jet (NBJ) by injecting a jet of fresh water vertically downwards into ambient fresh and saline water, ...
      Open Access
      Article
    • Entrainment and structure of negatively buoyant jets 

      Milton-McGurk, Liam; Williamson, Nicholas; Armfield, Steven; Kirkpatrick, Michael; Talluru, Krishna
      Published 2021
      Turbulent negatively buoyant jets occur when the buoyancy of a jet directly opposes its momentum, and will decelerate until its mean momentum is reduced to zero. Here the flow reverses direction and, for an axisymmetric ...
      Open Access
      Article