A Competency-Based Approach to Assessment of Pharmacist Preceptors in Australia

Abstract

Background: Pharmacy preceptors play a critical role in the professional development of pharmacy students and interns during work-integrated learning (WIL). Pharmacy education providers depend on the capability of preceptors to supervise, teach and assess students, and for a good WIL experience. Currently, there is no standardised framework for assessing preceptor competence in Australia despite accreditation bodies emphasising the need for quality assurance of experiential education. The aim of this thesis is to explore how preceptor competencies can be identified, validated, and feasibly assessed to ensure quality preceptorship in Australian pharmacy education.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed across four studies. Focus groups explored stakeholders’ views of preceptor competence, including motivations and barriers to becoming a preceptor. A systematic scoping review examined the literature from multiple health professions on preceptor competencies and methods of assessment. A cross-sectional survey of pharmacy education providers in Australia and New Zealand examined current preceptor assessment practices. A modified Delphi study was conducted to reach consensus on the competencies that need to be assessed along with the method of assessment and the most appropriate assessor.

Results: Sixteen evidence-based competencies were identified, and consensus was reached that eight should be considered mandatory and four preferable for assessment. Agreement was also reached on the method of assessment and appropriate assessor for each competency. One single method of assessment did not capture all competencies, supporting a multimodal assessment approach combining preceptee survey, self-assessment and peer observation.

Conclusion: Preceptor competency assessment is necessary and feasible. Implementation of national preceptor standards and systematic evaluation would promote quality assurance and support professional development of preceptors.