Integrative Systematics of the Australian Peacock Spiders and Their Allies

Abstract

The Australian jumping spiders of the Saitis group (Salticidae: Euophryini), including the iconic “peacock spiders” and their allies, represent one of the most diverse radiations of spiders in Australia. Despite their prominence as models for studies of sexual selection and behaviour, their taxonomy and evolutionary relationships have long been poorly resolved. Prior to this study, generic boundaries within the Saitis group were unstable, many species were misplaced, and several genera were polyphyletic or paraphyletic, limiting comparative and evolutionary research.

This thesis resolves these systematic problems through an integrative revision of the Australian Saitis group. Multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses are combined with detailed morphological examination of historical type material and newly collected specimens to establish a robust phylogenetic framework. This framework is used to test generic monophyly, identify previously unrecognised evolutionary lineages, and redefine generic boundaries using concordant molecular and morphological evidence.

The results reveal extensive hidden diversity and show that several traditional genera do not reflect evolutionary history. A revised classification is proposed that stabilises generic limits, resolves the status of historically problematic taxa, and formally documents substantial new diversity. In total, this thesis describes seven new genera and 36 new species, resurrects one genus, proposes numerous new and restored combinations, and identifies multiple nomina dubia. Time-calibrated analyses indicate that the Saitis group originated in the Miocene, with diversification likely influenced by major climatic change in Australia.

By providing the first comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic synthesis of the Saitis group, this thesis establishes a stable foundation for future research on the evolution, ecology, and conservation of Australia’s peacock spiders.