The effect of piezocision and mechanical vibration on orthodontically induced root resorption of first premolars following the application of orthodontic forces

Abstract

Introduction

The aim was to compare the effect of piezocision and mechanical vibration on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of human first premolars following application of orthodontic forces.

Methodology

Forty-one orthodontic patients (aged 13–18) requiring first premolar extractions were treated with a 225g buccal force on both maxillary first premolars for four weeks. Premolars were divided into control (C), piezocision (P), vibration (V), or a combination (PV) through randomization. A total of 82 premolars were extracted, and OIIRR crater volumes were measured using X-ray microtomography and Fiji software to compare OIIRR across the groups.

Results

OIIRR crater volumes were analyzed using a cube root transformation (crt) by treatment (C, P, V, PV) and location. While the mean crt for PV (0.75mm) was slightly higher than for C (0.65mm), V (0.71mm), and P (0.65mm), there were no statistically significant differences among treatments (p=0.33). The location analysis showed statistically significant differences (p<0.001), with the highest OIIRR on the buccal middle (0.44mm) and the lowest on the palatal cervical (0.07mm).

Conclusions

The study found no significant differences in mean crtRR volumes between treatments (C, P, V, PV), suggesting piezocision and vibration may not impact OIIRR following the application of heavy orthodontic forces. OIIRR levels varied by location, with the highest on the buccal middle root surface.