The Power Systems Decarbonization Transition Planning and Operating: A Comprehensive Carbon Management Framework

Abstract

Climate change, driven by human emissions, undermines the Paris Agreement’s goals. Decarbonizing power systems, a major emitter, is a key focus for academia, industry, and governments. This transition is complex, involving stakeholders like power generation, transmission, and consumers. Traditional methods often fail to achieve systemic results, so coordination is essential.

As high-emission generators are phased out, renewable energy will increase to meet demand. Coupling power and emission markets encourages participation from both sides, with flexible mechanisms helping reduce emissions.

Focusing only on Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions is insufficient. Power systems also produce Scope 3 emissions, such as those from second-life electric vehicle batteries. Though more challenging to measure, these reduce overall emissions. Integrating power and transportation networks, especially with electric vehicles, reduces fossil fuel reliance.

This thesis models and optimizes strategies for power system decarbonization. It proposes a framework that includes emission reductions from both supply and demand sides, covering Scope 1-2 and some Scope 3 emissions. Chapters 3–6 explore low-carbon CFPP transformation, coordinated emission reductions, demand-side responses to carbon intensity, and second-life battery use. The thesis also examines interactions between power grids and transportation systems, with responses from entities like data centers and mobile storage.

Economic measures like carbon taxes, trading, and flexible carbon targets are also assessed. Simulations on benchmark systems confirm the approach’s effectiveness in reducing emissions and supporting decarbonization.