Advanced Demand Management Methods Provision Oriented towards Residential Consumers in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Abstract

In recent years, the shift toward an electrified energy grid has accelerated due to increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). This shift introduces challenges like managing intermittent supply and demand peaks, especially with the rise of emerging loads like EVs, EWHs, and HVAC systems. Distributed energy resources (DERs), such as PV panels, WTs, and BESS, have also reshaped electricity consumption. Residential consumers, traditionally passive, are now seen as key to enhancing grid flexibility through demand-side management (DSM). Unlocking this potential requires new strategies beyond traditional methods. This thesis addresses these challenges by exploring advanced demand management methods specifically designed for residential consumers within low-voltage (LV) distribution networks. The main body of this thesis (i.e. chapters exclude introduction, literature review, and conclusion) can be divided into four parts, each proposing distinct methodologies to unleash the residential demand flexibility, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and efficient energy system. Chapter 3 introduces customized retail pricing that leverages price elasticity to encourage load shifting, improving consumer engagement. Chapter 4 proposes an auction-based peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading framework, integrating retired EV second-life batteries (EVSLBs) to reduce electricity costs. Chapter 5 expands trading to include both kilowatt (kW) and negawatt (nW) transactions, maximizing economic opportunities for consumers. Chapter 6 refines this with a two-stage nW trading model, offering more precise scheduling of flexible loads. Overall, the proposed methods significantly reduce electricity costs, stimulate consumer participation, and alleviate peak demand pressure, enhancing both grid reliability and economic efficiency.