Physical Activity in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Mixed Methods Analysis

Abstract

This doctoral research investigated leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) within the Australian Spinal Cord Injury (Aus-SCI) demographic. In addition, this work sought to gain insights into the factors that facilitate or hinder LTPA engagement. The research encompassed four primary objectives: (i) to conduct a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of existing interventions targeted at enhancing PA or LTPA behaviours among individuals afflicted with SCI; (ii) to examine LTPA levels and adherence to PA guidelines within the Aus-SCI population; (iii) to gain a nuanced understanding of the obstacles encountered by active individuals in their pursuit of LTPA; (iv) to appreciate motives for, and benefits of, LTPA from the Aus-SCI population. Key findings from this doctoral research encompassed the following: (i) incorporating behaviour change techniques for enhancing LTPA behaviours demonstrated moderate effectiveness, resulting in a potential weekly increase of 22 minutes/week of PA; (ii) LTPA participation within the Aus-SCI population was notably low, with sedentary behaviour prevailing among approximately 45% of Australians with SCI, and only 13% of this population adhered to PA guidelines tailored for individuals with SCIs; (iii) various impediments were identified as barriers to engagement in LTPA. These encompassed financial constraints related to program costs and equipment, self-consciousness, the experience of pain, a lack of personal interest, time constraints, and motivational challenges; (iv) sociodemographic characteristics and injury-related factors exerted minimal influence on LTPA volume and adoption; (v) while health improvement, weight management, and the avoidance of ill-health emerged as common motives and benefits of LTPA, other psychosocial factors exhibited greater sway over LTPA behaviour. Findings in this thesis can assist in improving LTPA volume and uptake in this sedentary population and the biopsychosocial quality of life for people with SCI.