Restorative Properties of Semi-Outdoor Space in the Workplace: Towards an atmospheric quality of architecture

Abstract

The biophilic design philosophy embraces the creation of dynamic multi-sensory built environments through the incorporation of nature for its restorative properties, including the restoration of attentional capacity, reduction of stress, and improvement of mood. However, current literature focuses almost exclusively on the visual experience while neglecting the thermal sense. This thesis argues for the central role played by thermal sense in occupants’ restorative experience of nature within the built environment. Experimental methods are used to address the question “To what extent does the thermal realm contribute to the multisensory experience of nature and its restorative benefits in semi-outdoor environments?” A pre-and-post-test experiment was conducted to compare the restorative effects of a workplace semi-outdoor space presenting two distinct thermal scenarios, one devoid of adaptive opportunities, just direct sunlight exposure, and the other condition including the adaptive opportunity for subjects to select between direct sunlight or shade. The experiment used a multisensory virtual reality method to simulate the dynamic environmental conditions of an actual semi-outdoor space. Significant associations between thermal pleasure, thermal adaptive opportunities, and restorative benefits were found. This study observed cultural differences in participants’ thermal preferences and restorative outcomes. Relationships between the thermal realm and psychological restoration were proposed based on the empirical findings. This project brings empirical evidence to the architectural discourse and critique of ‘ocular-centrism’ and advocates the key role of thermal pleasure and delight within the biophilia theme in contemporary architecture. The methodological innovation and findings from the project invite new lines of inquiry that focus on the psychological benefits of thermal pleasure in the outdoor urban context.