Syncopating comprehension: The Effect of Meter-Syntax Alignment on Sentence Comprehension, Sensorimotor Synchronisation, and Neural Entrainment

Abstract

Why rhythm in language? And why is linguistic rhythm grasped by means of meter (a temporal grid structure) in the human mind? And specifically, why does the human mind prefer to align meter to language in certain ways and not others? This thesis examines the alignment of meter to syntactic phrase structure and its effect on language comprehension. This is investigated empirically in four experiments, whose results are situated within the relevant linguistic, musicological, cognitive, and neuroscientific literatures. The first two experiments show that meter-syntax alignment indeed affects sentence comprehension, and the second also shows an effect on sensorimotor synchronisation. The third experiment behaviourally replicates the comprehension result while also recording electroencephalography (EEG). This neural measurement shows how delta oscillations track the perceived meter rather than syntactic phrase structure: contradicting some recent theories. The final experiment applies meter-syntax alignment to an algebraic grouping task. By using simpler (better controlled) non-linguistic stimuli, the results in this experiment better constrain the mechanistic interpretation of the results so far. Specifically, I suggest that the effect of meter (and its alignment to syntax) on comprehension is mediated by an effect on short-term/working memory. The broader theoretical and practical implications of these experiments is finally discussed, especially with regard to theories of language processing, music-language parallels, and education.