PV+Storage-Based Community Renewable Energy Networks: Assessment of Technology and Social Aspects for Implementation in New Urban Developments in Australia

Abstract

Despite a ubiquitous interest in community energy, a review of the literature reveals a fragmented approach in which the technology elements that need to be considered for the effective existence of a Community Renewable Energy Network (CREN) are well understood but the social aspects have not yet been addressed to the same degree. Thus, while technology is no longer the limiting factor it used to be and there are mechanisms that can be used to deal with the social requirements, the fragmentation remains a challenge. The next necessary step in the exploration of community renewable energy lies in crafting a holistic approach that brings it all together to foster successful implementations. The aim of this research is to define an urban CREN within this holistic outlook, reconceptualising community energy into new business models in which the technology and social aspects are approached in a transdisciplinary manner to inform the process of creation and ongoing operation of such networks. It introduces a tool for developers to assess the potential of CREN implementations in new urban developments and demonstrates its application by modelling consumption, energy generation and storage for real-world proposed developments in Melbourne and Sydney. The analysis of technology opportunities, followed by the investigation of cost and revenue structures, ownership and management models, as well as the study of the implications of the multilayered and intricate regulatory environment produce results that show that, while public policy is a major hindrance, utilising a Community Title ownership model that allows centralised management and sharing of resources optimises the performance of the system thus providing major benefits in the reduction of grid dependence and lowering of energy bills. This transdisciplinary study provides a real-world approach for developers assessing the viability of CREN in Australian urban environments.