The physiological and pharmacological roles of solute carrier transporters

Abstract

Solute carrier membrane transporters (SLCs) are primarily influx transporters that mediate the uptake of small endogenous and exogenous molecules into cells including a large number of drugs. The malfunction of SLC transporters not only contributes to the pathophysiology of several diseases, but also largely impact on drug pharmacokinetic performance. Therefore, SLCs are both physiologically and pharmacologically important. Understanding the physiology and pharmacological roles of SLC transporters enables the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets. Physiologically, development of therapeutic drugs to inhibit, enhance or circumvent dysfunctional SLC transporters may lead to the prevention and/or treatment for diseases that are closely related to SLCs. Pharmacologically, SLC transporters largely determine the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs. Alteration in the function and expression of these transporters as a result of disease states or genetic defects, may lead to altered pharmacokinetic profiles of various SLC drug substrates. SLC transporters are also involved in the transport of varieties of herbal compounds and dietary substances. The wide substrate specificity of SLC transporters complicates therapies with potential drug-drug, drug-herb or drug-food interactions. Therefore, modulating SLCs function assists in optimising regimens (improving therapeutic responses and/or reducing toxicities).