Mercosur and the European Union: Variation Among the Factors of Regional Cohesion

Abstract

This thesis is based on the idea that contemporary examples of regionalism should be evaluated against several propositions of multiple integration theories rather than against those of a single theory. In order to systematically explain why and how integration outcomes in MERCOSUR differ from those in the EU, the thesis develops an analytical framework for the comparison of the two blocs. The framework operates with key themes of neofunctionalism, intergovernmentalism, social constructivism and neorealism. MERCOSUR is compared with the EU by the use of the various criteria of economic interdependence, economic convergence, intra-bloc size and interest asymmetries, cultural diversity and geostrategic motivations, which are identified as the salient parameters of the mentioned theories. The comparison demonstrates several things. First, MERCOSUR’s integration achievement is highly contingent upon regional endogenous properties, particularly structural asymmetries of size and interest among the member states and peculiarities of the region’s economic geography. Second, contrary to common expectations, there are some policy domains where MERCOSUR may outperform the EU, as in cultural integration. Third, major integration theories developed on the basis of the EU are useful for understanding difficulties of the MERCOSUR process and the differences in its outcomes relative to those of the EU. The proposed framework for the comparison of MERCOSUR and the EU can be used and modified for the analysis of other contemporary regions.