https://hdl.handle.net/2123/31988 Wed, 10 Jun 2026 15:31:33 GMT 2026-06-10T15:31:33Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33298 Exploring Temporal Stability in Travel Attitudes Mulley, Corinne; Van Acker, Veronique Many travel behaviour studies focus on the interaction between attitudes and travel behaviour, but in doing so have used a multitude of attitude measurements. These studies often use surveys where respondents are asked to indicate their level of agreement with a set of attitudinal statements. However, this set of statements sometimes varies very widely between studies, making it difficult to compare results across studies as well as complicating a thorough understanding of the motivations underlying travel. Whilst having a common set of statements would be helpful in comparing across studies, this depends on identifying a set of statements which are both temporally stable and stable across contexts. This paper addresses the first of these requirements using data collected from an online survey where the same set of attitudinal statements was asked in an online survey organized in 2017 and 2020 in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Sydney, NSW, Australia. Findings indicate that the same type of travel attitudes do indeed persist over time with these travel attitudes remain characterized by (largely) the same set of attitudinal statements, indicating at least temporal stability in the measurement of travel attitudes in a single context. Findings of this paper can thus be helpful in reducing the heterogeneity of attitudinal statements included in travel surveys. Thu, 21 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33298 2024-11-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33274 A Nexus or Not? A First Examination of Cost-of-Living Concern, Neighbourhood Perceptions, Active Travel, and Wellbeing in Cities Beck, Matthew J.; Greaves, Stephen This paper represents an important first step in the literature, to look at potential links between cost-of-living stress and the perceptions of local neighbourhoods, under the hypothesis that greater pressure about housing affordability, transportation costs, or indeed cost overall could lead to a degradation in how the neighbourhood within which a person lives is perceived. We do find confirmation that cost-of-living goes beyond technical measure of housing stress and indeed beyond just housing stress alone. Of particular relevance is that those who could be classified as having rising concern (consumables) have among the highest levels of relative stress. This is to be expected as there are many reports in the general media about spending on eating out and indeed cutting back on meals prepared at home, as being initial strategies to reduce spending. Such cuts to spending are also likely to spill over into discretionary trip making and travel activity patterns overall. We find that there is generally just as much concern about the rising cost of fuel, which is directly related to trip making, further compounding transport accessibility and equity. Overall, our first attempt to investigate the potential nexus of cost-of-living, neighbourhood perception, wellbeing, physical activity and active travel, produces enough evidence and insight to establish that there are potential links which are likely to play out in unknown ways during cost-of-living crises. We argue that our results are sufficient enough that research should extend them to transportation costs and trip making more generally under the current spike in general prices and urge other researchers to consider building on these insights. Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33274 2024-11-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33273 Suitable Placement for On-demand Transport (SPOT): A systematic approach to network integration Ho, Chinh Q.; Kieu, Minh; Yeh, Chia-Jung This paper presents a bottom-up approach to designing on-demand transport (ODT) systems, emphasising an evidence-based methodology. A critical review of existing ODT systems is conducted, focusing on identifying the most suitable market segments and environments for ODT deployment. This review forms the basis for developing a systematic methodology that integrates known success factors in the design of new systems in the pursuit of network integration. We demonstrate the scalability and transferability of the developed methodology using two case studies and show how the proposed method can support the selection of optional service areas and assess their impacts on local community. These case studies provide practical insights into the application of the methodology in diverse settings, underscoring its adaptability and effectiveness in different market conditions. Furthermore, the paper addresses equity issues in public transport service provision. It critically examines how existing bus services can be restructured to enhance network efficiency and social equity, particularly in underserved areas. Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33273 2024-11-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33272 Job Performance, Productivity, and the Roles of Employee Motivation and Wellbeing in Employees' Work Arrangement Choices Wei, Edward; Hensher, David A. Productivity has been the focus of recent debates on work location, especially when working from home. This research investigates the framework and latent constructs of what productivity represents for job performance, covering task and contextual performance and counterproductive work behaviour. The research establishes the structural connections between employee motivation factors such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and work-related wellbeing factors, covering job competence and aspiration and their impact on job performance. Using a national survey of nearly 1,000 Australian workers, the research uses a structural equation model (SEM), segment profiling, and a hybrid logit choice model to achieve several research objectives. These objectives achieved include: 1) Testing the measurement models of job performance, employee motivation, and work-related wellbeing, then revealing their structural relationships and their impact on subjective productivity and job satisfaction; 2) Profiling three distinct workforce segments of main office only workers, hybrid workers, and working from home and other places only workers by their working patterns, hours, productivity, job satisfaction and levels of job performance, motivation and wellbeing; and 3) Embedding latent motivation and wellbeing into the hybrid choice model on workplace choices to directly show the effects of latent variables on workplace choices. The research identifies the importance of maintaining a high level of motivation in a task and continuous performance and the importance of work-related wellbeing in preventing counterproductive behaviour. The findings suggest shifting the focus from workplace choice to maintaining the status of work-related wellbeing, especially among hybrid workers who typically have relatively heavy workloads and work long hours. Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33272 2024-11-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33218 Establishing Evidence of Initiatives undertaken by Non-Mobility Service Providers that are aligned with Sustainable Travel Behaviour Change as a next generation focus of MaaS as MaaF Hensher, David A.; Nelson, John D.; Balbontin, Camila; Ho, Chinh Q.; Wei, Edward; Mulley, Corinne; Kandanaarachchi, Thiranjaya Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has garnered a significant amount of interest over the last 15 years and yet we have very little to show in Western nations in terms of its influence on travel behaviour aligned with sustainability goals, as well as an encouraging business case with or without an injection of significant government subsidy or private venture capital. While we see claimed success in Japan and China, this is the result of a government led and controlled initiative with extensive subsidy, something which appears to be beyond possibility in most countries. Certainly, to date, there are examples of Governments (e.g., across Europe) claiming interest and commitment but no financial support beyond existing subsidy to public transport available to all users. In researching MaaS over the last 10 years, we have come to the position that its future may reside in a greater involvement of non-mobility service providers (NMSPs) in recognition that a multi-service focus may offer up some real prospects of not only delivering desirable travel behaviour change but in facilitating a scalable outcome. Mobility as a Feature (MaaF) is one interpretation of this revised eco-system and has informed us of the potential opportunities that can be invoked through participation of NMSPs. To understand whether this has prospects, a survey in six countries in 2024 was undertaken to identify initiatives that are already in place within private enterprise and government agencies that align well with contributing to sustainable travel behaviour goals. The results suggest that much is already happening, but it has not been recognised as a MaaS/MaaF-like initiative. This paper presents the evidence and suggests a re-interpretation of what a future MaaS portfolio may look like, noting that this scalable future does not have to depend on the transport service providers working together other than their presence in providing services in the market to anyone wishing to use them. The focus historically on transport service providers appears to have been a major roadblock in progressing MaaS. Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33218 2024-10-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33203 Establishing a Framework of Support to Scale in Mobility as a Service: Consolidated insights from the literature on potential governance frameworks Kandanaarachchi, Thiranjaya; Nelson, John D.; Hensher, David A.; Mulley, Corinne; Wei, Edward; Ho, Chinh Q. A sustainable and reliable Mobility as a Service (MaaS) ecosystem must be informed by the interests of the diverse set of stakeholders which include providers and users of MaaS as well as other societal beneficiaries. Despite numerous proposed MaaS models, to date few have flourished beyond initial trials with many failing to demonstrate a business case and change travel behaviour in sustainable ways. In this paper we go beyond the traditional set of transport service providers to investigate ways in which MaaS might be redeemed and scalable. To do this, we examine a number of themes designed to obtain insights into the roles that both mobility and non-mobility service providers might play in future MaaS settings. We position this broadening of participants within a governance framework that accommodates uni-modal and multi-modal mobility offerings combined with services provided by non-mobility service providers, referred to as MaaS as a Feature (MaaF). Incentives and rewards are an essential feature of this ecosystem with non-mobility service providers an essential feature of any MaaS consideration if it is to have a chance of being scalable. Tue, 22 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33203 2024-10-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33053 COVID-19 and its influence on the propensity to Work from Home between March 2020 and June 2021 Hensher, David A.; Beck, Matthew J.; Balbontin, Camila The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the world of work. With growing support and preference revelation from both employees and employers, we might anticipate a settling in of working from home around one to two days a week, varying by occupation depending on the ability to work remotely. Although there are a growing number of studies that have analysed data collected at a point in time or over time during the pandemic, there is now sufficient time and data to treat the waves of collected data as a repeated cross section that is jointly modelled to assess systematically, the changing roles of various influences on the proportion of working days that are worked from home. This paper estimates random effects regression models for the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area and South East Queensland over four waves of data collected in 2020 and 2021, where this last one represents a period with almost full vaccinations and minimum restrictions (i.e., ‘new normal’). By jointly estimating four waves of data within a single modelling framework, we are able to track the changing roles of the influences found to be statistically significant across the waves. The elasticity outputs reveal how these influences impact on the propensity to WFH, giving clues on whether we were starting to see a stabilisation of WFH activity mid-way in the pandemic period that can be reflective of a ‘new normal’. Results are very supportive of employees’ preferences, suggesting that those that feel the same or more productive when WFH relative to going to the office, are more likely to WFH relative to those that feel less productive. Thu, 05 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/33053 2024-09-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32914 Accounting for the Location and Allocation of Working Hours throughout the Working Week: A Discrete-Continuous Choice model Hensher, David A.; Wei, Edward; Pellegrini, Andrea As COVID-19 becomes a close distant memory for many, we are seeing the impact it has had on where working hours throughout the week are being undertaken. It is not unreasonable to assume that the support for greater flexibility in where work is completed compared to pre-COVID-19 is here to stay and that transport planning needs to move this new pattern of location behaviour centre stage in the revision of strategic transport models. Throughout a seven-day week, we are seeing days in which an individual goes to the main office all day or works from home all day, or undertakes a blended location workday, or does not work at all on a particular day. These four alternatives for each day of the week define a discrete choice model setting which together with the actual hours worked at each location on each day represents a discrete-continuous modelling setting. The paper is interested in identifying where work takes place and the committed hours for each day of the week and treats the seven days of the week as an instantaneous panel. For days where there is commuting involved, we split the discrete alternatives to account for whether commuting occurs during the peak or off-peak period of a day, which is important in terms of the commuting activities in the transport network. We account for the presence of error correlation between the discrete (mixed logit with error components) and continuous (seemingly unrelated regression equations) choices through a selectivity correction for each alternative where it is shown to be statistically significant. A series of direct elasticities provide behaviourally informative evidence on the key drivers of the choice amongst the discrete location alternatives and the continuous choice of hours associated with each. The model system has a very practical feature, in the sense that it can be easily programmed into a strategic transport model system in order to adjust commuting travel activity by mode and time of day in the presence of a more flexible and hence less rigid profiling of when and where work takes place. Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32914 2024-08-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32813 Incorporation of Endogenous Exit Capacities in Node Models with Various Movement Exit Speeds Gong, Xiaolin; Raadsen, Mark P.H.; Bliemer, Michiel C.J. In macroscopic traffic assignment, the node model is fundamental for accurately capturing traffic dynamics at junctions and intersections, which are often the primary sources of travel delays in urban networks. The precision of the node model is important for predicting delays and managing flows, which directly impacts traffic condition simulations, congestion management, and network performance optimisation. However, existing node models typically assume exogenous exit capacities for links, movement, or lanes feeding the node. They do so by either assuming fixed capacities or adjusting externally based on traffic control. This assumption often overlooks variations in exit capacities caused by flow compositions and vehicle turning behaviours, leading to less reliable predictions and reduced applicability in real-world scenarios. This study proposes a novel approach that can achieve endogenous exit capacities within the node model. Rather than dynamically adjusting exit capacities, our approach moderates the flow rates endogenously with flow compositions. This adjustment is made by scaling inflows for each movement inversely proportional to their turn speeds in the pre-processing stage and rescaling outflows in the postprocessing stage without requiring modifications to the node model itself. Additionally, this study presents a solution algorithm consistent with our proposed method. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and capability of this approach. The results indicate that the node model that does not consider endogenous exit capacities may either overestimate or, in rare cases, underestimate the outflows. Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32813 2024-07-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32811 A literature/evidence review and assessment of a strategic case for fast trains in NSW? Rose, John; Merkert, Rico; Hensher, David A. The need to balance population and employment growth with economic and environmentally sustainable initiatives represents one of, if not the most significant challenges facing Governments today. To place the difficulties faced by government within context, we note that year on year population growth in Greater Sydney now exceeds 100,000 (two percent increase in population per annum), with an additional 20,000 people immigrating to regional NSW each year (0.7 percent increase per annum) (Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2018). Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32811 2024-07-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32810 Incorporation of non-persistent delays at signalised intersections in the link transmission model Bliemer, Michiel C.J.; Gong, Xiaolin; Raadsen, Mark P.H. In macroscopic dynamic traffic assignment, traffic flows are allocated to a transport network by means of a dynamic network loading model, with travel time being a primary output. Dynamic network loading not only determines the flows on roads, facilitated by a link model, but also governs flows passing through intersections by means of a node model. Notably, in urban settings, most travel time delays arise due to queue formations at intersections. These intersection delays can be categorised into persistent and non-persistent delays. Contemporary flow-based models – such as link transmission models (LTM) – account for persistent delays through boundary conditions imposed by the node model. Non-persistent delays are absent in most existing LTM formulations unless green and red phases are explicitly simulated at a more detailed microscopic level. In this work, we propose a novel methodology to directly integrate non-persistent delays into the LTM formulation in which the effects of traffic lights are averaged without violating the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle this model relies on. To achieve this, one or more virtual links are implicitly considered in an augmented link model representation, wherein Webster’s uniform delay is reformulated as a hypocritical branch of an associated fundamental diagram. Augmented algorithms for networks are provided for the cases of link-specific or movement-specific exit capacities and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the new approach. The proposed methodology results in a more realistic depiction of traffic dynamics by directly embedding non-persistent delay in the network loading propagation scheme. In doings so, enhanced accuracy in travel time and traffic flow predictions compared to existing best-practice in macroscopic dynamic network loading can be achieved. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32810 2024-07-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32809 A Systematic Review of Node Models for Macroscopic Network Loading of Traffic Flows Gong, Xiaolin; Raadsen, Mark P.H.; Bliemer, Michiel C.J. Node models in macroscopic network loading procedures are used to distribute competing flows arising at motorway ramps, junctions, and intersections, influencing congestion and queuing delays. Despite decades of research on macroscopic node model development, a comprehensive literature review on their characteristics, categories, emerging trends, and further research opportunities does not yet exist. This study fills this gap by conducting a systematic literature review on the node models in macroscopic network loading frameworks. We identify representative characteristics of node models and then systematically classify and interpret those characteristics across existing node model studies present in the literature. We propose six general principles for node models and explore five extension categories characterising additional features. This paper makes two contributions to the field. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive classification of node model research, grounded in the proposed principles and extension categories. This classification is substantiated by relevant references and culminates in the development of a node model classification table. Secondly, it identifies future research directions and opportunities, providing guidance and insights for researchers and practitioners engaged in the study of macroscopic node models. Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32809 2024-07-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32561 Identifying main drivers for students and staff members’ mode choice or to work/study from home or attend University campus: A case study in Australia Balbontin, Camila; Nelson, John D.; Hensher, David A.; Beck, Matthew J. Universities are major trip attractors and generators in large cities, and they have a significant influence on the transport network particularly in high-density areas. The trips to and from university campuses are made by staff, students, and visitors, with an important daily rotation of people (e.g., students who leave early, arrive later, etc.). In this study, we aim to improve our understanding of the trips made to the University of Sydney campuses, one of the largest universities in Australia, through investigation of how individuals (namely, staff and students) choose to study/work from home and their modes of transport used to go to campus on differ-ent days of the week. We have collected three sets of data: one in 2022 and two in 2023, using a survey answered by both staff and students. A hybrid logit model including latent variables is estimated to understand the motivations and main drivers to work/study from home and to choose different modes of transport when attending campus. Thu, 16 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32561 2024-05-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32560 Hidden Effects and Externalities of Electric Vehicles Haghani, Milad; Ghaderi, Hadi; Hensher, David The global drive towards sustainability has ushered in a new era of transportation, prominently featuring the rise of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The rapid rise of BEVs has been widely hailed as a crucial milestone in promoting sustainable transportation and combating climate change. The existing empirical evidence provides undeniable support for the essential role of BEVs to support net zero targets. However, like any disruptive technology, BEVs are not without their hidden effects. This paper seeks to explore and analyse these lesser-known repercussions (i.e., externalities) of BEV adoption. In doing so, it sheds light on the environmental, infrastructure, socio-economic and safety externalities of BEVs, aiming to foster a holistic understanding of their impact and facilitate informed decision-making. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of public awareness and user education in maximising the benefits of BEVs and the importance of maintaining a balance of information in developing such campaigns. Empowering individuals, communities, and policymakers with accurate information, dispelling misconceptions, and fostering responsible BEV practices are essential for realising maximal environmental impacts of BEVs. The discussion emphasises the need for moving beyond climate-change targets that are merely based on tailpipe emissions, towards life-cycle-based approaches. Thu, 16 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32560 2024-05-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32559 Barriers towards enhancing mobility through MaaS in a Regional and Rural context: insights from suppliers and organisers Xi, Haoning; Nelson, John D.; Mulley, Corinne; Hensher, David A.; Ho, Chinh Q.; Balbontin, Camila This study explores the potential of a mobility framework for MaaS in a regional and rural context. In-depth interviews of stakeholders, including Non-Transport Providers and Transport Providers, were conducted in three regional locations in New South Wales, Australia, and their attitudes towards MaaS analysed. Findings revealed that the majority had a positive attitude towards MaaS; while those who expressed negative attitudes commonly had concerns about subscription fees, the underlying reliance on private cars in rural areas, and the digital usage by older people. The paper discusses the government's role in improving travel options which ensure equitable access to both local and regional transport services. Policy implications for necessary adjustments to the modal landscape and the design of a digital App and payment methods are drawn. The results provide insights into the features of mobility services, which could include alternative uses for the private car, provided by various stakeholders and their fit within the mobility framework. Thu, 16 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32559 2024-05-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32415 The Link between Service Frequency and Patronage: A short note Hensher, David A.; Wei, Edward; Liu, Wen; Nelson, John D. Bus service frequency is extensively studied in many papers; however, we found a lack of a single source that will enable a synthesis overview of the main elasticity evidence on the relationship between service frequency changes and patronage growth. This note provides such a synthesis, drawing on the published literature and some new scenario predictions for metropolitan Sydney. Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32415 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32362 Addressing transport disadvantages in regional and rural areas through integrated mobility services Xi, Haoning; Nelson, John D.; Mulley, Corinne; Hensher, David A.; Ho, Chinh Q.; Balbontin, Camila This paper explores mobility barriers and the impact of transport disadvantage on vulnerable individuals (e.g., the elderly, disabled, and low-income) in regional and rural areas, including the limited transport options, inadequate infrastructure, information gaps, affordability issues, safety concerns, and preference for car over public transport. We conduct qualitative analysis using the data collected from community group discussions in three regional towns in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and identify a significant gap in the literature concerning the potential for integrated mobility solutions to address mobility barriers of the transport-disadvantaged in regional and rural settings. Our findings highlight the need to strive for the “gold standard” including better infrastructure, integration of services, increased safety, comfort, and convenience, and greater availability, affordability, and flexibility of mobility services. The insights from the discussions suggest that integrated mobility solutions, such as Mobility as a Service (MaaS), have significant potential to ameliorate these barriers, improve the quality of life and promote social inclusion for rural populations. The paper provides policy implications on improving the appeal and adoption of integrated mobility solutions more generally in regional and rural settings. Thu, 14 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32362 2024-03-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32290 Rethinking the role of the car in a MaaS framework – insights from a rural context Hensher, David A.; Mulley, Corinne; Nelson, John D. This policy note proposes a focus on ways to make better use of the private car and a corporate commitment model as offering potential to deliver an appealing Mobility as a Service (MaaS) offering in low density settings which are dominant in rural and regional jurisdictions. A set of next steps are presented as part of establishing the economic and social merits of MaaS in a rural and regional setting. Fri, 01 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32290 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32224 Mobility-as-a-Service and Travel Behaviour Change: How multimodal bundles reshape our travel choices Militão, Aitan M.; Ho, Chinh Q.; Nelson, John D. Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) offers an appealing narrative around sustainable mobility as being a useful tool for the transportation sector to achieve sustainable goals by changing users travel behaviour. Empirical evidence on how MaaS may lead the transport sector to a more sustainable future is rare due to the very limited number of real-world trials and commercial offers of MaaS. Leveraging high quality data collected from the Sydney MaaS trial and the Application of Programming Interface (API), this paper develops an original mode choice model that describes the choice of transport mode under the MaaS era. Results offers the first insight into how multimodal bundles reshape mode choices and the extent to which subscription bundles could be used as a powerful tool to nudge users towards more sustainable choices. The results show that multimodal bundles present an appealing alternative for the users and help them reduce their private car use. Simulations were conducted to provide guidance for designing multimodal bundles that are both attractive to users and friendly to the environment. Fri, 16 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32224 2024-02-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32175 On allowing endogenous minimum consumption bounds in the Multiple Discrete Continuous Choice Model: An application to expenditure patterns Pellegrini, Andrea; Rose, John Matthew In this study, we develop a novel econometric framework that allows for endogenously estimating minimum goods amounts, and their subsequent impact on individuals’ multiple discrete/continuous consumption choices. To do so, we pair a censored Tobit model (Tobin, 1958) with a Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model (Bhat, 2005; 2008), with the former being employed to identify lower bounds on consumptions based upon the demographic characteristics of decision-makers. The model proposed is applied to a web-based survey designed to examine monthly expenditure decisions for the following categories: entertainment, household bills, miscellaneous costs, rent/mortgage payments, shopping, transport, childcare and other unspecified expenditure. In addition to providing information on actual expenses, recruited respondents were also asked to indicate the minimum expenditure amount they could potentially spend on the designated expenditure categories. The estimated findings suggest that allowing endogenous minimum consumption amounts within the MDCEV model results in a better understanding of the determinants driving individuals’ expenditure behaviour, whilst also providing more accurate prediction both within and out of sample. Mon, 05 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32175 2024-02-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32174 Extended Macroscopic Node Model for Multilane Traffic Gong, Xiaolin; Bliemer, Michiel C.J.; Raadsen, Mark P.H. In a macroscopic assignment model, traffic flows are distributed onto the network by means of a network loading model. The network loading propagates flows along links via a link model and through junctions or intersections via a node model. Most of the travel time delays are caused by queues forming at junctions or intersections, especially in urban networks. Therefore, the efficiency and accuracy of the underlying node model is paramount in capturing these delays (and flows). Existing link-based macroscopic node models make the simplifying assumption that first-in-first-out (FIFO) holds at the link level, which is often unrealistic when a link has multiple approach lanes near an intersection or junction. In this work we propose to relax this assumption such that FIFO holds at the movement level. We do so by developing several model extensions. First, a novel lane-based formulation of the node model is proposed. Secondly, we formulate an equilibrium problem and a general solution algorithm to allocate sending flows to lanes. This allows us to explicitly consider approach lane configurations that contain important information about the layout of an intersection or junction. We show that the conventional link-based node model is a special case of our newly proposed model in case each approach lane on an incoming link allows all possible movements. Various numerical examples are provided, demonstrating the capabilities of the proposed extensions to the node model. Mon, 05 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32174 2024-02-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32107 Commuting mode choice and work from home in the later stages of COVID-19: Consolidating a future focussed prediction tool to inform transport and land use planning. Hensher, David A.; Balbontin, Camila; Beck, Matthew J.; Wei, Edward As COVID-19 slowly dissipated after 30 months since March 2020, working from home (WFH) continues to be popular, with support from notable numbers of employees and employers. With growing evidence that we have either reached, or appear to be close to, a level of WFH to some extent that might be described as an equilibrium outcome going forward, we need to update any travel behaviour response models that have been developed during the passage of the pandemic. This paper sets out a commuter model for each day of the week for the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area as of September 2022 where the alternative responses are to not work, WFH, or commute by one of ten modes available. Given the probability of WFH obtained from a mixed logit model, we construct a mapping equation to establish the sources of statistical variance by origin and destination location that influence the incidence of WFH. The evidence is used as the basis of commenting on what this means for longer-term structural changes on network performance, the likely move to a greater focus on living locally, and the need or otherwise for employers to retain office space. A significant return to the office has recently been promoted by some employers, and we comment on this as to what it might mean for the future of a hybrid working location model. Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32107 2024-01-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32106 Profiling future passenger transport initiatives to identify the growing role of active and micro-mobility modes Hensher, David A.; Wei, Edward; Liu, Wen; Balbontin, Camila There is growing interest in recognising the role that active and micro-mobility modes play in the full suite of modal-based activities. While the idea of the 'next normal' since the heady days of COVID-19 remains unclear, there are signs that living locally and the impact of increased working from home, has generated greater interest in active travel and micro-mobility for local trips, but also as ways to access and/or egress modes for longer trips. A new travel and mobility survey has been designed in which revealed and stated preference data are collected to identify current and future interest in using motorised and non-motorised modes in a typical week. It considers mode use for all stages of a door-to-door journey in an extensive number of trip profiles. Trip frequency over a 7-day week is much more informative than the more traditional choice of a mode survey approach for a typical day. We estimate a series of negative binomial models to gain an understanding of the role that active and micro-mobility modes play as access, egress, and linehaul modes in an origin-destination trip. The descriptive profiles and estimated models provide a way to identify and hence focus the treatment of active and micro-mobility modes in government policy settings designed to support the move to more sustainable modes for all local passenger trips. Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32106 2024-01-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32076 Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Containerised Parcel Delivery Eskandarzadeh, Saman; Fahimnia, Behnam This paper investigates different factors that affect the performance of containerised transportation in parcel delivery networks. Motivated by a situation facing a postal delivery company in Australia, we study how container utilisation rate, sortation activities, and changes in cost parameters can affect the overall performance of a parcel delivery network. Mixed-integer programming and machine learning are employed to model a realistic parcel delivery network considering sortation activities and to evaluate the performance of this network using data from a major postal service provider. The findings of this study can help parcel delivery companies to make more informed investment decisions and introduce more effective performance improvement initiatives. Mon, 08 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/2123/32076 2024-01-08T00:00:00Z