https://hdl.handle.net/2123/17757 2026-06-13T16:34:05Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19378 Modelling Strategic Alliance Partner Choice in International Airline Networks Nyathi, Michael Z. It is generally acknowledged that consumers prefer to fly with an airline that has an extensive network. Such consumer preference is inducing airlines to form strategic alliances with foreign airlines in order to attract custom to their networks. This paper presents a framework for modelling strategic alliance partner choice in international aviation. The stated preference modelling exercise for testing the relative weights of the partner attribute is described. 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19377 Integrating Bicycles into Applied Models of Urban Transport Katz, Rod which have substantial direct infrastructure requirements, such as road provision and public transport systems. It is unusual to pay a great deal of attention to non-motorised transport modes, such as cycling, as these are typically non-intrusive and require very limited infrastructure. However, bicycles need to be integrated into transport planning models, if only because of increasing political pressure for greater consideration of alternative and sustainable transport modes and increasing pressure to allocate resources efficiently. It is widely recognised that extensive bicycle use requires the opportunity, or facilities, to neutralise the effect of dominating motorised traffic flows. The role of transport modelling in relation to bicycles may be considered as (i) determining the current level of demand for cycling; (ii) demand for cycling that is currently suppressed by sub-standard facilities or specific obstacles to cycle trips; (iii) determining what if any additional demand could be generated by providing facilities specifically for cycling (elasticity of demand) or changing conditions for competing modes (cross elasticity); (iv) identifying what trip distribution characteristics are observed with different cycling conditions; and, (v) how increasing the level of cycle facilities and cycling would impact on network performance. In order to answer these questions it is necessary to have a modelling framework for cycling that dovetails with existing models of transport used for planning at micro and macro levels. This paper discusses such a framework. 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19380 Economic Evaluation of Road Improvements: A Tourism Perspective Daniels, Rhonda; Hooper, Paul From a tourism perspective, shortcomings in the traditional evaluation procedures for road improvements include the valuation of traditional benefits without considering different values for tourism; the lack of valuation of “intangible” benefits; and treatment of other issues such as peaking phenomenon, traffic generation, economic development benefits and benefits to international visitors. The tourism perspective coud be better taken into account in evaluation of road improvements by more research into valuation of tradional and intangible benefits, by adopting a strategic focus, and by conducting sensitivity analysis of key parameters. 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19384 Problems of success: Privacy, property, and transactions. Common policy issues between ITS and NII initiatives Wigan, Marcus The rate of change in infrastructure provision and of products based on information and communication services demands a simultaneous consideration of the policies, evaluation and regulatory frameworks for ITS and NII initiatives at the same time as their infrastructure and services are designed. Difficult questions of privacy arise as spatial information and real time correlation of location and historical data becomes readily available, storable and retrievable. The information and service products that can be derived from such information are highly attractive, and a social and economic balance needs to be considered. The infrastructure created by and for ITS and NII demands physical use of public rights of way and common property such as spectrum bandwidth. The economic arguments about spectrum allocation are less contentious, but access to the public rights of way for fibre is also an asset for which the community should be recompensed, perhaps not only by payment but also by access to fibre bandwidth. These issues need to be considered at an early stage in NII and ITS deployment, especially if the private sector is to be relied upon to undertake the major part of the investment. 1995-08-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19382 The Impossible Balance in Sydney Richmond, Jonathan E.D. The idea of “balance” is being promoted for transport development in Sydney, but the concept is mythical because land-use – transport systems are dynamic and subject to feedback. A brief historical overview of the arrival and displacement of transport systems is given to illustrate “feedback” effects. Public sector responses to transport problems in the United States are then described, using metaphorical analysis to highlight their faulty assumptions and to demonstrate the danger of ignoring evolving patterns of landuse, consumer preferences, and the feedback effects on land-use of transport innovations. Sydney’s approach is compared to that of Los Angeles, and similarities are found in the development of inappropriate concepts of “balance.” Finally, suggestions are made for reaching a path to solutions. Planners are asked to inquire what kind of a city Sydney residents wish to inhabit before formulating concrete plans for transport. 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19348 The influence of public acceptance on what IVHS can achieve Wigan, Marcus IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems) combine computing, sensors, telecommunication to deliver a more effective road/vehicle system for freight and passenger vehicles. Many of these technologies involve surveillance, identification and location and collate such data for further use. These and other aspects of IVHS technologies raise concerns amongst the community, and have repeatedly delayed adoption of some of the systems with identification and tracing capacities. A number of IVHS systems and strategies for appropriate introduction of such systems are considered. The ownership and use of data collected in the course of IVHS operations presents both revenue opportunities and problems, and change the basis of enforcement systems. There are growing links with such large scale data transmission facilities such as the US National Information Initiative (NII) and the equivalent massive interactive data networks developing elsewhere. The cost of making any major errors in implementing IVHS could easily make it extremely difficult to deploy further systems, and it is argued that adoption of a number of principles could safeguard the potential benefits at an acceptable social cost. 1995-02-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19370 Transport of Delight – The Mythical Conception of Rail Transit in Los Angeles Richmond, Jonathan E.D. The imposition of organising and simplifying structures is basic to understanding. Myths tacitly provide an alluring simplification. Telling simple but powerful stories, they point to specific cures. Those cures depend for success on the often invisible assumptions inherent in the myth. But those assumptions can steer the way to bad planning decisions which fail to provide the hope-fro benefits. Myths are constructed by symbolic processes: the images, symbols, and metaphors that are part of our everyday lives, and which provide compelling messages on what is good and bad in our world. Following a brief assessment of the rail passenger system planned and under construction for Los Angeles and an outline of the research approach employed here, this paper examines the myth-building symbolic processes at work in transport planning in Los Angeles, summarising part of a recently completed doctoral dissertation. Thus it will be explained why a new rail passenger system – which makes poor use of scarce resources – has almost unanimous support in Los Angeles. The implications for planning will be considered: we need a type of psychotherapy to make us aware and critical of both our myths and our approaches to evaluation and problem solving. 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19368 Modelling the Demand for Packaged Travel Hooper, Paul This paper reports the results of an exploratory investigation into the demand for packaged travel. Traditional models of travel demand tend to adopt a simple specification of “price” as a uni-dimensional construct. However, modern yield management practices aim to stimulate demand when required through the use of promotional discounts each distinguished by a set of conditions designed to restrict purchase to the target group. From a modelling point of view, the use of a benchmark fare (e.g. economy fare) or even an average fare does not permit testing of the independent effect of varying the price level. This problem is exacerbated when the promotion bundles the transport service with other travel services in some form of travel package. Yet travel packages are common in long distance travel markets. The problem cannot be addressed simply by expanding the vector of prices to include non-transport elements of the package. The paper describes the considerable practical and theoretical problems that have to be overcome in modelling choice in the presence of packaging. The structure of the choice of package is investigated using nested logit. 1995-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19095 VALUE OF TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS IN PERSONAL AND COMMERCIAL AUTOMOBILE TRAVEL Hensher, David A. This paper reviews the broad literature on the value of travel time savings. Specific consideration is given to the economic theoretic foundations and their translation into suitable empirical models; the distinction between behavioural, resource and equity values; and the sources of variability in empirical values. We detail the merits of the stated preference approach when the interest is on the empirical specification of a valuation function in contrast to a single mean estimate of the value of travel time savings. A case study related to the choice between a tolled and a free urban route is presented as a framework within which to illustrate how economic theory and experimental design can be combined to improve the evidence on behavioural values of travel time savings in a number of travel market segments. 1995-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19092 The Duration Between Traffic Accidents in the Taxi Sector: An Empirical Inquiry Hamed, Mohammad M.; Hensher, David A.; Al-Masaeid, Hashem R. The taxi, as a supplier of urban passenger transport, is often sidelined in travel demand studies, yet its role in the overall transport task is far from marginal. Taxis are the most intensively used automobile transportation and consequently have a very high exposure rate in respect of potential accident. Very little empirical research has been undertaken into the risks associated with using a taxi. Drivers of taxis are usually assumed to be experienced drivers with a safety history appropriate for the responsibility of transporting the public. Yet this is not always the case. To provide some understanding of the exposure to risk which passengers place themselves in when hiring a taxi, we explore the safety record of drivers over time. Of particular interest is the frequency of accidents over a given time period, and in particular the elapsed time between a taxi drivers initial accident and subsequent accidents. To what extent is the duration between accidents a positive or negative function of experience, personal attributes, temporary impairment, fatigue etc? A set of proportional hazards models are developed to explain the time interval (duration) between traffic accidents of taxi drivers in Amman, Jordan. Three econometric models are developed to predict the duration between the date when a taxi driver begins to drive and the date when the first, second, and third accidents occur respectively. Estimation results show that driving-related capabilities, socioeconomic characteristics, and temporary impairments significantly influence the duration between traffic accidents. The duration to the first traffic accident is lower than the duration between the first 1995-02-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19094 ESTIMATION OF AN ORIGIN-DESTINATION TRIP MATRIX FROM LINK TRAFFIC COUNTS FOR LARGE NETWORKS Zhu, William; Hensher, David A. Existing approaches to estimating origin-destination trip matrices (O-D) from traffic counts are often limited by the size of a network. These approaches concentrate on achieving a target O-D matrix obtained elsewhere (eg from previous data or a sample survey). With the inconsistency in flow sampling and bias target matrix estimation, incorrect results may be obtained. This paper recognises that specifying a target matrix in the objective function of some existing models may not resolve the problem of uniqueness for congested networks. As an alternative approach to overcoming the bias estimation often associated with the specification of a target trip matrix, the paper formulates a non-linear programming model which incorporates production and attraction information and inconsistency in the traffic counts, and a network model for extending sampled traffic counts to network population flows. Heuristics for solving the formulated models are presented, together with a case study. 1995-02-01T00:00:00Z