https://hdl.handle.net/2123/17671 2026-06-13T15:10:25Z 2026-06-13T15:10:25Z Tirachini, Alejandro https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19297 2026-06-12T06:04:24Z 2012-05-01T00:00:00Z

The economics and engineering of bus stops: Spacing, design and congestion Tirachini, Alejandro This paper re-considers the problem of choosing the number of bus stops along urban routes, first by estimating the probability of stopping in low demand markets, and second by analysing the interplay between bus stop size, bus running speed, spacing and congestion in high demand markets. A comprehensive review of the theory and practice on the location and spacing of bus stops is presented. Using empirical data from Sydney we show that the widely used Poisson model overestimates the probability of stopping in an on-call bus stopping regime, and consequently underestimates the optimal number of bus stops that should be designed. For fixed-stop services, we show that bus running speed, frequency and dwell time are crucial to determining the relationship between bus stop spacing and demand, with bus stop congestion in the form of queuing delays playing a key role. In particular, we find that bus stop spacing should be decreased if demand increases at a constant bus running speed; however, if both bus running speed and the speed of the passenger boarding process increase, then the distance between bus stops should be kept long even at high demand levels, a result that is consistent with the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit systems that feature high bus running speeds and long distances between stops relative to conventional bus services.

2012-05-01T00:00:00Z Walters, David Bhattacharjya, Jyotirmoyee https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19300 2026-06-12T06:04:24Z 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z

A modified product life cycle becomes a useful basis for a new product-service strategy model Walters, David; Bhattacharjya, Jyotirmoyee The recent financial problems of the 2008/10 GFC and the likelihood of similar events occurring in 2012/13 has ‘spooked’ business and consumer confidence and has resulted in fierce competition in both B2C and in the derived demand companies in B2B markets. The problems are exacerbated by the very slow recovery response of developed economy business organisations, many facing competition from Asian companies whose business models have become sophisticated and are moving rapidly away from their traditional “high volume/low value” manufacturing expertise towards a “low volume/high value” value proposition thereby threatening well established traditional western companies; some are moving away from tangible/hardware products towards becoming solution providers.

2012-06-01T00:00:00Z Truong, Truong P. Hensher, David A. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19289 2026-06-12T06:04:26Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Linking discrete choice to continuous demand within the framework of a computable general equilibrium model for the analysis of wider economic impacts of transport investment projects Truong, Truong P.; Hensher, David A. Discrete choice (DC) models are commonly used as basic building blocks in ‘bottom-up’ models which seek to describe consumer and producer behaviour at a disaggregate level, in contrast to continuous demand (CD) models which are used to describe behaviour at a more aggregate level. At a disaggregate level, choice behaviour is defined in terms of commodities differentiated by qualities or attributes. In contrast, aggregate demand behaviour is defined in terms of broadly defined and generically different commodities. In a DC model, the main focus of analysis is not the total quantity of demand, but rather the relative shares or substitution between the choice alternatives, in contrast to a continuous demand model where the focus is on the aggregate substitution between groups of commodities as well as on the income effects. Seen in this way, there is scope for complementary usage of DC and CD models within the framework of a CGE model where DC models are used to describe the preferences for a narrowly defined set of commodities belonging to a particular sector of an economy whereas CD models are used to describe the interactions between these sectors. In this paper, we describe how DC and CD models can be used in such an integrated fashion in a spatial computable general equilibrium model to inquire into the wider economic impacts of a transport investment project in the Sydney Metropolitan Area.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Bliemer, Michiel Brederode, Luuk Wismans, Luc Smits, Erik-Sander https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19291 2026-06-12T06:04:24Z 2012-02-01T00:00:00Z

Quasi-dynamic network loading: Adding queuing and spillback to static traffic assignment Bliemer, Michiel; Brederode, Luuk; Wismans, Luc; Smits, Erik-Sander For many years, static traffic assignment models have been widely applied in transport planning studies and will continue to be an important tool for strategic policy decisions. As is well known, in the traditional approach, the location of the delays and queues are not predicted correctly, and the resulting travel times do not correspond well with reality. Dynamic models can approach reality much better, but come at a computational cost. In this paper we propose a quasi-dynamic model which inherits most of the computational efficiency of static models, but aims to keep most of the important dynamic features, such as queuing, spillback, and shockwaves. Instead of adjusting the traditional static model or using heuristics, we theoretically derive the model from the dynamic link transmission model, assuming stationary travel demand and instantaneous flow. Furthermore, we present algorithms for solving the model. On a corridor network we illustrate the feasibility and compare it with other approaches, and on a larger network of Amsterdam we discuss the computational efficiency.

2012-02-01T00:00:00Z Hensher, David A. Truong, Truong P. Mulley, Corinne Ellison, Richard https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19293 2026-06-12T06:04:25Z 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z

Assessing the wider economy impacts of transport infrastructure investment with an illustrative application to the north-west rail link project in Sydney, Australia Hensher, David A.; Truong, Truong P.; Mulley, Corinne; Ellison, Richard This paper identifies the employment agglomeration impact of transport investments through a measure of change in effective employment density, using new empirical estimates of the elasticity of productivity with respect to effective density in order to calculate the uplift in benefits (or impact) from this key wider economy impact. The approach combines the behavioural richness of an integrated transport and location choice modelling system (TRESIS) and its outputs to a spatial computable general equilibrium model (SGEM), which uses data at a more aggregate level to compute the additional impacts of transport infrastructure change on the wider economy. This has allowed the development of an integrated transport-location-economywide model system known as TRESIS-SGEM. The model system is applied to the introduction of the North-West Rail Link project in Sydney, Australia to illustrate the capability of TRESIS-SGEM, identifying a 17.6% markup over the conventional transport user benefit.

2012-03-01T00:00:00Z Merkert, Rico O’Fee, Basil https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19306 2026-06-12T06:04:26Z 2012-09-01T00:00:00Z

Efficient procurement of public air services - Lessons learned from European transport authorities' perspectives Merkert, Rico; O’Fee, Basil This paper aims to derive lessons and best practices from the different European experiences by viewing issues from a public transport authority perspective. The heart of this paper is a survey of European air service procurement authorities. We discuss the authorities’ perspectives on why they fund a PSO including likely future funding trends and investigate various aspects of the procedures connected with the PSO process (transparency of the subsidy amount, risk sharing with the operator, incentives for operator, vetting of the operator and use of specialist advice). This paper also explores various aspects of the obligations authorities impose upon routes and operator (e.g. maximum fare, social discounts, ticketing, timetabling, size of aircraft, air cargo requirements). A particular interest of the paper is connected with the authorities’ interest in marketing the PSO as well as with the authorities’ perspective on promoting and enjoying sufficient competition in their PSO tendering exercises. The derived lessons from the EU experience are discussed in the light of their use in assisting policy makers in promoting and drafting their own regional air transport programs (e.g., Russia) or in further developing existing schemes such as the Remote Air Services Subsidy Scheme in Australia.

2012-09-01T00:00:00Z Lok, Peter CW Cheng, Vincent TP Rhodes, Jo H Asano, Glenn https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19296 2026-06-12T06:04:26Z 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z

The relationship between brand trust, online customer reviews and willingness to purchase Lok, Peter CW; Cheng, Vincent TP; Rhodes, Jo H; Asano, Glenn This research investigates how online customer reviews, a particular form of electronic word of mouth (eWOM), affect consumer decision-making (willingness to purchase) during a first time purchase of services or products. Using brand trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between online customers reviews and the consumer’s willingness to buy, data was collected through a quasi-experiment approach and then analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The findings demonstrated that the reliable dimension of brand trust has a mediating effect on online customer reviews valance to willingness to buy while the intentionality dimension had little effect.

2012-04-01T00:00:00Z Hensher, David A. Bliemer, Michiel C. J. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19333 2026-06-12T06:04:23Z 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z

What type of road pricing scheme might appeal to politicians? Gaining the citizen vote by staging reform Hensher, David A.; Bliemer, Michiel C. J. The greatest hurdle facing road pricing reform is political commitment. With rare exception, efforts to introduce significant reform in road pricing aimed at raising sufficient revenue to ensure that road investment and ongoing maintenance is secured without an additional impost to users above current outlays, while at the same time reducing traffic congestion, has fallen largely on politically non-supportive ears. The big challenge is to convince politicians (and their advisers) that it is possible to reform road pricing so that users are made better off (at least the great majority) in terms of time spent travelling and monies outlaid, and government coffers secure growing levels of revenue, but with at least some funds being used in supporting vertical equity to improve public transport and the existing road network. This paper identifies the major issues that make much of the academic research into road pricing somewhat pointless in terms of achieving real change. Staging reform is an appealing way forward, but ensuring the order and timing of events to secure progress is the big challenge. We offer some suggestions, including some ideas on new language designed to increase the level of buy in, and recognise that progress through action will require compromises in respect of an ‘ideal’ economically efficient pricing reform agenda.

2012-11-01T00:00:00Z Lok, Peter CW Loh, Wilson Wee-Seng Rhodes, Jo H https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19303 2026-06-12T06:04:23Z 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z

Success factors between suppliers and customers in service outsourcing activities Lok, Peter CW; Loh, Wilson Wee-Seng; Rhodes, Jo H This study examines the relationship between outsourcing motives, supplier-customer relationship and perceived value in non-core service outsourcing. That is, key factors responsible for supplier-customer relationship which provide customer value in service outsourcing is still unclear. A total of 1,757 companies were randomly selected for the survey. 234 valid questionnaires were returned (13.4% response rate). The structural equation method was used to obtain the best fit model. The most significant contribution of this study is that, ‘relationship interaction’ has a greater impact on customer perceived value than ‘relationship quality’ in service outsourcing. That is, customer-supplier ‘relationship interaction’ that enhances communication, cooperation, coordination, conflict resolution, and integration activities rather than ‘relationship quality’ such as loyalty and trust, would exert the greatest effect on perceived customer value.

2012-07-01T00:00:00Z Tsai, Chi-Hong Leong, Waiyan Mulley, Corinne Clifton, Geoffrey https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19295 2026-06-12T06:04:23Z 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z

Examining estimator bias and efficiency for pseudo panel data: A Monte Carlo simulation approach Tsai, Chi-Hong; Leong, Waiyan; Mulley, Corinne; Clifton, Geoffrey Pseudo panel data have been increasingly applied in empirical research as an alternative approach to a longitudinal analysis when genuine panel data are unavailable. However, conventional techniques are typically used to estimate pseudo panel data models without careful consideration to some unique properties of pseudo panel data. Ignoring properties such as time-varying cohort effects, a small number of constructed cohorts, large between-group variance, and trade-offs between cohort sizes and number of cohorts potentially lead to estimation bias or inefficiency not observed in genuine panel data. This paper presents a Monte Carlo experiment with scenarios that are designed to generate, under conditions of limited observations, various data possessing pseudo panel data characteristics, and evaluates the performances of various estimators using the simulation results. The main research findings are that the large between-group variation of the exogenous variable and the variance of fixed group effects in pseudo panel data are the primary causes of estimation bias and inefficiency. Other factors including the cohort size and potential non-spherical errors have a smaller impact on the estimators’ performances. An empirical application using Sydney Household Travel Survey data is also presented to illustrate the simulation findings.

2012-04-01T00:00:00Z Hensher, David A. Rose, John M. Collins, Andrew T. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19309 2026-06-12T06:04:23Z 2012-10-01T00:00:00Z

Understanding buy in for risky prospects: Incorporating degree of belief into the ex ante assessment of support for alternative road pricing schemes Hensher, David A.; Rose, John M.; Collins, Andrew T. This paper investigates support for road pricing reform within the framework of a referendum voting choice model. Central to this task is how to identify ex ante support for specific road pricing schemes, such that the evidence is believable. Our approach is centred on a referendum voting choice model for alternative road pricing schemes in which we incorporate information that accounts for the degree of belief of the extent to which such schemes will make voters better or worse off. We find that accounting for belief in the benefits results in sizeable reductions in the sensitivity to the levels of the charge but quite small impacts on the sensitivity to revenue allocation.

2012-10-01T00:00:00Z Chung, Demi Hensher, David A. Rose, John https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19302 2026-06-12T06:04:25Z 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z

Property rights, right to efficiency? Chung, Demi; Hensher, David A.; Rose, John The assignment of property rights to incentivise risk-sharing in a principal-agent relationship is a recurrent theme of contract theory. This paper examines the incentive effects of property rights in a principal-agent relationship involving government as the principal, that is, the ownership concession model of publicprivate- partnership (PPP) procurement contracts for tollroads. Specifically, the paper investigates the effects of property rights on the agent’s preference for contract structure to manage risks and to exert performance effort; and the effects on both parties’ risk preferences when ownership transfer is being perceived as transferring accountability. Analysis of data collected through an online experiment surveying stakeholders who have been engaging in road contracts procured under the PPP model in 32 countries concludes that: (1) property rights offer the agent a protective shield against poor planning by the principal in the meantime gives rise to ex ante opportunism; (2) the agent’s reservation on ex post decision rights distorts allocative efficiency; and (3) revenue-sharing is a powerful incentive for non-revenueenhancing performance effort. Further investigation attests that incentive effects of property rights can be enhanced through equitable allocation of risks; nevertheless, ex post efficiency is debilitated by considerations of political sensitivity concerning toll pricing.

2012-07-01T00:00:00Z Li, Zheng Hensher, David A. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19308 2026-06-12T06:04:25Z 2012-09-01T00:00:00Z

Crowding in public transport: A review of objective and subjective measures Li, Zheng; Hensher, David A. In order to capture the user benefits associated with reduced crowding from improved public transport (converted to dollars via willingness to pay estimates), it is necessary to identify the relevant dimensions of crowding that are meaningful measures of what crowding means to travellers. There are a number of objective and subjective measures of crowding promoted in the literature, with some objective measures (e.g., passenger density) being used as the basis of a standard of acceptable levels of practice in specific public transport systems. Violation of the standard is typically used to establish unacceptable levels of crowding. A major limitation of existing crowding measures, especially when a user-related measure of willingness to pay to reduce levels of crowding is important in economic appraisal, is the absence of measures that represent the subjective perception of crowding. There is a disconnection between objective measures and subjective measures, the latter representing what matters to users. We reveal the significant gap between objective and subjective measures of crowding. The paper promotes the case for efforts to quantify user perceptions of crowding in a way that enables a link to behaviourally meaningful estimates of willingness to pay to reduce crowding, so that the changes in crowding linked to objective measures (e.g., passenger density), can be translated into appropriate subjective levels of crowding reduction benefit.

2012-09-01T00:00:00Z Denant-Boemont, Laurent Hammiche, Sabrina https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19299 2026-06-12T06:04:23Z 2012-05-01T00:00:00Z

Downs-Thomson paradox and public transit capacity choice in the laboratory Denant-Boemont, Laurent; Hammiche, Sabrina The aim of this paper is to study empirically the Downs- Thomson (DT) Paradox, a situation where additional road capacity can cause an increase in total travel cost for users that are to choose between Private Car and Public Transit. To this end, we design a laboratory experiment based on a Two-Mode Entry Game where subjects have to enter either in a road mode or in a public transit mode. Road capacity being exogenous, public transit capacity is chosen by the operator. In this theoretical framework, the optimal strategy for operator is to minimize capacity, and the equilibrium for users depends on the endogenous public transit capacity compared to exogenous road capacity. As a consequence, an exogenous increase of road capacity, by shifting users’ equilibrium, will cause a decrease in payoffs for all users (DT Paradox). On the contrary, a decrease in Road Capacity should increase total payoff. To test these theoretical predictions, two experimental treatments are implemented, each of them consisting in a certain capacity level for Road. The most important result is that Downs-Thomson Paradox is observed within the laboratory: An increase in road capacity actually shifts participants from Public Transit to Road, causing a decrease in payoffs for the entire group. But the reverse is not empirically true: A decrease in capacity does not raise payoffs, which contradicts our theoretical model. Results also show that the capacity chosen by operator differs from Nash prediction, levels being higher than those predicted by our model.

2012-05-01T00:00:00Z Quoc, Chinh Mulley, Corinne https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19304 2026-06-12T06:04:26Z 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z

Multiple purposes at single destination: A key to a better understanding of the relationship between tour complexity and mode choice Quoc, Chinh; Mulley, Corinne This paper investigates the nature of tours undertaken by public transport and car. Using a new approach to the typology of tours, which takes into account not only the number but also the spatial distribution of activities chained into a tour, the paper sheds light on the reasons why conflicting findings exist in the research literature. Descriptive and modelling analyses on a home-based tour dataset created from the Sydney household travel survey show that tours using car or public transport are different in nature. For public transport, activities chained into a tour have destinations which are typically in close proximity and reachable by walking whereas the car was found to be utilised for travel involving multiple purposes at multiple destinations. The new approach to the typology of tours proposed in this paper which takes the destination into account gives clearer and more significant relationships between tour complexity and mode choice, allowing potential policy and planning implications for promoting public transport ridership to be drawn. The results indicate that the spatial dispersion of activities chained into a tour significantly reduces public transport use for all travel purposes. Conversely, public transport use increases as the number of activities sharing a destination with others chained into a tour increases. These findings suggest that planning strategies to increase public transport use need to focus on providing multiple purposes at a single destination.

2012-08-01T00:00:00Z Clifton, Geoffrey T. Mulley, Corinne Hensher, David A. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19354 2026-06-12T06:04:29Z 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z

The North West Rail Link: Winners and losers in the locality of the north west area Clifton, Geoffrey T.; Mulley, Corinne; Hensher, David A. The appraisal of large scale transport infrastructure projects by governments tends to focus on the costs and benefits to society as a whole or to broad communities affected by the project. In so doing, it is often believed by members of these communities that the greatest benefits of a scheme are likely to accrue in the immediate environs of the project. This paper examines one specific project (the NSW State Government’s proposed North West Rail Link in Metropolitan Sydney) to examine how this project impacts on different spatial areas in the environs of the project in terms of travel times and fares. Following the election of a new state government in 2011, an extension of the CityRail network into the Hills District of Sydney was announced. Known as the North-West Rail Line (NWRL), it will link Epping to Cudgegong Road beyond Rouse Hill. The project will provide rail access for the first time from the centre of the growing North West region to major employment centres in the North-West and to major centres located between the North-west and Sydney CBD. Currently there are a number of public transport options available for travel to the CBD of Sydney, the most popular being a service that operates from various locations in the NW Hills area and connects directly onto the M2 toll road; with a substantial amount of bus lane priority along its routes into the CBD of Sydney. The available information suggests existing bus services will be re-directed to the NWRL. This paper examines changes in door to door travel times for different spatial areas in the environs of the proposed new line, comparing existing services with services directed via the NWRL. The paper concludes that there are winners and losers thus challenging the belief that communities close to new infrastructure are the main beneficiaries.

2012-12-01T00:00:00Z Hensher, David A. Mulley, Corinne https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19334 2026-06-12T06:04:28Z 2012-10-01T00:00:00Z

Cost impacts to motorists of discounted registration fees in the presence of distance-based charges and implications for government revenue Hensher, David A.; Mulley, Corinne The call for a congestion charge is getting louder and more frequent in many countries as major metropolitan areas experience increasing levels of road congestion. Although reform of road pricing is almost certain to occur at some time in the future, a key challenge is in selling the idea to the community of road users as well as a whole raft of interest groups that influence the views of society and politicians. What is required is a carefully structured demonstration of what might be done to progressively introduce adjustments in road user charges that are seen as reducing the costs to motorists while ensuring no loss of revenue to government. In this paper we show this can be achieved by the reform of registration fees in the presence of a distance-based charging regime (either for the peak or all day), that can deliver financial gains to motorists with prospects of revenue growth to the State Treasury of Sydney (Australia). The reform package assessed is predicted to result in changes to total annual kilometres of travel (especially in the peak) and flow through gains in travel time that deliver reductions in traffic congestion. We see this as an essential first stage in gaining community support for road pricing reform – proof of cost reductions associated with improvements in traffic congestion can then be used to continue the reform process.

2012-10-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharjya, Jyotirmoyee Walters, David https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19313 2026-06-12T06:04:28Z 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z

A global perspective on pallet life-cycle management practices and a research agenda Bhattacharjya, Jyotirmoyee; Walters, David The purpose of this paper is to understand the complexity of pallet life cycle management practices in the context of resource scarcity, rising costs and different regulatory environments. The paper integrates a detailed examination of current pallet life cycle management practices around the globe with the lenses of stakeholder theory, ecological modernization theory and the dynamic capabilities perspective to develop a research agenda. It provides a theoretical basis for research in a complex area of practice that has received limited attention in the logistics and supply chain literature.

2012-11-01T00:00:00Z Denant-Boemont, Laurant Fortat, Vivien https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19305 2026-06-12T06:04:28Z 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z

Snowball effect and traffic equilibrium in a market entry game: A laboratory experiment Denant-Boemont, Laurant; Fortat, Vivien The Market Entry Game (Selten & Guth, 1982; Gary-Bobo, 1990) is a coordination game where average cost of entry increase linearly. Following the suggestion of Anderson et al. (2008) and empirical evidence in transport economics suggested by related literature about the Speed-Flow Relationship (Verhoef, 2005), we built a theoretical model of market entry game where congestion cost increases at an increasing rate when the flow of entrants grows (snowball MEG). The calibration of experimental parameters enables us to compare outcomes regarding Snowball MEG to a benchmark based on a usual linear MEG (calibration being the same as in Anderson et al., 2008). Then, we run an experiment where theoretical predictions for both models give comparable entry rate and add more or less the same properties. Moreover, we conduct variation about group size in order to assess size effect on coordination level. Basically, we find no significant difference between the aggregated entry rates in our snowball game compared to usual MEG. But size clearly matters, especially for issue regarding successful coordination for users in the snowball MEG.

2012-08-01T00:00:00Z Bell, Michael G. H. Liu, Xin https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19356 2026-06-12T06:04:28Z 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z

A cost-based maritime container assignment model and port choice Bell, Michael G. H.; Liu, Xin A recently proposed frequency-based maritime container assignment model (Bell et al, 2011) seeks an assignment of full and empty containers to paths that minimises expected container travel time, whereas containers are in practice more likely to be assigned to minimise expected cost. There are significant economies of scale in the maritime transport of containers; the cost per container per unit time falls with increasing ship occupancy and larger ships when full cost less per container per unit time than smaller ships. A cost-based container assignment model is proposed here. The objective is to assign containers to maritime routes to minimize sailing costs plus expected dwell costs at the ports of origin and transhipment. The constraints in the model are extended to include route as well as port capacity constraints. Although the cost per container per unit time depends on ship occupancy, it is shown that the problem remains a linear program. A small numerical example is presented to illustrate the properties of the model. The paper concludes by considering the many applications of the proposed maritime container assignment model.

2012-12-01T00:00:00Z Lin, Tan Truong, Truong P. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19301 2026-06-12T06:04:28Z 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z

Transport improvement, agglomeration effect and urban productivity: The case of Chinese cities Lin, Tan; Truong, Truong P. Improvement in the transport sector will increase accessibility to economic activities, which in turn benefit urban productivity by enabling agglomeration economies. This paper aims to establish the link between agglomeration effect and wider economic benefits of transport, and test the magnitude of city-level agglomeration elasticity in China. Based on the measure of effective employment density, this paper finds that a doubling of effective density will improve the productivity in urban areas by 10.9 percent. Agglomeration elasticities vary across different regions. With improvements in transport conditions, the agglomeration elasticity on productivity will increase, but will reach a threshold value of around 17.010.

2012-06-01T00:00:00Z Densmore, Karley Mulley, Corinne https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19294 2026-06-12T06:04:27Z 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z

Accessibility and residual land value uplift: Identifying spatial variations in the accessibility impacts of a bus transitway Densmore, Karley; Mulley, Corinne New public transport investment offers the potential to improve accessibility for existing and new users of the public transport network. Transport infrastructure provides land value uplift following improvements in accessibility with uplift benefits being distributed in relation to the proximity of the location of the property to the infrastructure and to both residential and commercial properties. This paper looks at both quantifying the absolute amount of land value uplift and its spatial distribution for accessibility to different destinations for residential properties around a new-build Liverpool Parramatta transitway for buses in a suburban area of South-west Sydney, Australia. Geographically Weighted Regression is used as the methodology to take account of spatial dependency in the estimation process with the results being presented in map form. The results suggest that property prices are mainly determined by the internal features of the property and its neighbourhood effects but accessibility by car and accessibility to employment along the transitway are also contributing in a non-marginal way. The local model shows that accessibility and its value have a geographical component which is statistically significant demonstrating the benefits of undertaking a more disaggregate analysis that allows variation over space to be revealed.

2012-03-01T00:00:00Z Hess, Stephane Hensher, David A. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19290 2026-06-12T06:04:27Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Making use of respondent reported processing information to understand attribute importance: A latent variable scaling approach Hess, Stephane; Hensher, David A. In recent years we have seen an explosion of research seeking to understand the role that rules and heuristics might play in improving the predictive capability of discrete choice models, as well as delivering willingness to pay estimates for specific attributes that may (and often do) differ significantly from estimates based on a model specification that assumes all attributes are relevant. This paper adds to that literature in one important way - it explicitly recognises the endogeneity induced by attribute non-attendance and conditions attribute parameters on underlying unobserved attribute importance ratings. We develop a hybrid model system involving attribute processing and outcome choice models in which latent variables are introduced as explanatory variables in both parts of the model, explaining the answers to attribute processing questions and explaining heterogeneity in marginal sensitivities in the choice model. The resulting empirical model explains how lower latent attribute importance leads to a higher probability of indicating that an attribute was ignored or that it was ranked as less important, as well as increasing the probability of a reduced value for the associated marginal utility coefficient in the choice model. The model does so by treating the answers to information processing questions as dependent rather than explanatory variables, hence avoiding potential risk of endogeneity bias and measurement error.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Hensher, David A. Rose, John M. Greene, William H. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/19292 2026-06-12T06:04:27Z 2012-02-01T00:00:00Z

Inferring attribute non-attendance from stated choice data: Implications for willingness to pay estimates and a warning for stated choice experiment design Hensher, David A.; Rose, John M.; Greene, William H. There is a growing interest in traveller behaviour research to explore alternative information processing strategies (often referred to as heuristics or rules) adopted by individuals when assessing packages of attributes describing alternatives in a choice set, and making a choice. One popular attribute processing rule relates to attributes not being considered (i.e., being ignored), for all manner of reasons, referred to in the small but growing literature as attribute non-attendance or non-preservation. Researchers have used a mixture of methods to study the role of attribute non-attendance, including supplementary questions on whether each attribute is ignored or not, and methods in which the functional form of the utility expressions defining an alternative can recognise the possibility, up to a probability, of an attribute being ignored. Although supplementary questions are worthy of further consideration, despite the controversy as to the reliability of the response, recent interest has focused on ways to establish the incidence of attribute non-attendance without recourse to such evidence. In this paper we use an existing data set of choice amongst four attributes describing alternative car non-commuting trips, to illustrate the proposed method, and to compare values of travel time savings under each possible combination of nonattendance attributes relative to a model in which all attributes are assumed to be fully attended to. The paper reveals a major concern with the way that attribute levels and ranges are selected in the design of choice experiments, which can induce non-attendance situations where willingness to pay estimates cannot be obtained.

2012-02-01T00:00:00Z