Title: Seasonality & Sensitivity Of Microbial Decomposition in Semi-Arid Grasslands Correspondence author: Vanessa Pino (vanessa.pino@sydney.edu.au) COLOR CODE DATASETS DATA REFERENCE DESCRIPTION LR field experimental data (n=32) Metadata to landscape rehydration (LR) field experimental data from 32 sampling locations. TBI field experimental data (n=160) Metadata to landscape rehydration (LR) tea bag index (TBI) field experimental data from 32 locations and five incubations (SET). SM/ST field experimental data (n=160) Metadata to landscape rehydration (LR) EnviroPro sensors for soil moisture (SM) and soil temperature (ST) field experimental data from 32 locations and five incubations (SET). ENV field experimental data (n=160) "Metadata to landscape rehydration (LR) satellite and remote sensing field experimental data, from 32 locations and five incubations (SET)." SOIL field experimental data (n=64) "Metadata to landscape rehydration (LR) satellite and remote sensing field experimental data, from initial field set up in 2021_2022 at two depths (0_10 and 10_30 cm)." TBI calculation data w/replicates (n=640) "Metadata to landscape rehydration (LR) raw tea bag index calculation data from 32 locations, four replicates (A, B, C, D) and five incubations (SET)." ACRONYSM/LABEL VALUE/UNIT DESCRIPTION ID 1_to_161 Unique IDs span 32 sampling points and five incubations. NAME_PROBE SITE_PROBE_ID_NUM "Enviropro probes unique long composed name, composed_as: SITE_PROBE_ID_NUM" NUM 1_ to_ 8 Probes number in the field PROBE_ID 12_OR_16 Probes maximum sensor number upon model. 120 cm depth (EP100GL-12: 12 sensors / 120cm / 48″ model) OR (EP100GL-16: 16 sensors / 160cm / 64″) REP_TREATMENT "T1_to_T3, C1_to_C3" T1–T3 and C1–C3 label LR treatment and control paddock three replicates TREATMENT "Rehydrated, Control" Treated or control paddocks TREATMENT_TYPE "Contour, Control" Rehydrated strategy is only contours so far. It is expected leaky weir treatments for near future. SITE "LR East, LR West" Sampling sites at Llaras farm. LATITUDE Decimal degree Sampling points south latitude coordenates. LONGITUDE Decimal degree Sampling points east longitude coordenates. INCUBATION DATE mm_mm_yyyy Incubation period between initial and final month and year. INITIAL_INC_DATE dd/mm/yyyy Initial incubation day_field burial day. FINAL_INC_DATE dd/mm/yyyy Final incubation day_field recovery day. DAYS_INC days Tea bags incubation days. SET 1_to_5 The tea bag index incubation set. mean_k mg/g*day Tea bag index decomposition rate k. mean_S g/g Tea bag index stabilisation factor S. sd_k mg/g*day Tea bag index standard deviation decomposition rate k. sd_S g/g Tea bag index standard deviation stabilisation factor S. cv_k mg/g*day Tea bag index coefficient of variation (CV) of decomposition rate k. cv_S g/g Tea bag index coefficient of variation (CV) of stabilisation factor S. mean_sm_v1 % "Mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V1." mean_smacc_v1 % "Mean soil moisture accumulated (total) from incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V1." mean_sm_v2 % "Mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 10_20 cm, i.e., sensor V2." mean_smacc_v2 % "Mean soil moisture accumulated (total) from incubation period at top 10_20 cm, i.e., sensor V2." mean_sm_v3 % "Mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 20_30 cm, i.e., sensor V3." mean_smacc_v3 % "Mean soil moisture accumulated (total) from incubation period at top 20_30 cm, i.e., sensor V3." mean_sm_v2_v3 % "Mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 10_30 cm, i.e., sensor V2_V3." mean_smacc_v2_v3 % "Mean soil moisture accumulated (total) from exact incubation period at top 10_30 cm, i.e., sensor V2_V3." sd_sm_v1 % "Standard deviation of the mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V1." sd_sm_v2 % "Standard deviation of the mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 10_20 cm, i.e., sensor V2." sd_sm_v1_v2 % "Standard deviation of the mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 0_20 cm, i.e., sensor V1_V2." sd_sm_v3 % "Standard deviation of the mean soil moisture from exact incubation period at top 20_30 cm, i.e., sensor V3." mean_rain_v17 % "Mean rain from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V17." mean_rainacc_v17 % "Mean rain accumulated (total) from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V17." sd_rain_v17 % "Standard deviation of the mean rain from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V18." mean_st_v18 degrees Celsius "Mean soil temperature from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V18." mean_st_v19 degrees Celsius "Mean soil temperature from incubation period at top 10_20 cm, i.e., sensor V19." mean_st_v20 degrees Celsius "Mean soil temperature from incubation period at top 20_30 cm, i.e., sensor V20." sd_st_v18 degrees Celsius "Standard deviation of the mean soil temperature from exact incubation period at top 0_10 cm, i.e., sensor V18." sd_st_v19 degrees Celsius "Standard deviation of the mean soil temperature from incubation period at top 10_20 cm, i.e., sensor V19." sd_st_v20 degrees Celsius "Standard deviation of the mean soil temperature from incubation period at top 20_30 cm, i.e., sensor V20." VerticalCurvature unitless Vertical curvature derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model at ~30 m resolution. HorizontalCurvature unitless Horizontal curvature derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model at ~30 m resolution. slope degrees Slope derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model at ~30 m resolution. hillshade unitless "Hillshade derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model at ~30 m resolution, representing illumination intensity based on terrain orientation and sun angle." NDVI_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in vegetation greenness across the observation period." EVI_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in vegetation greenness with improved sensitivity in high biomass regions." DetailedQA_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of the MODIS Detailed Quality Assurance (QA) flags derived from the MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in data quality and reliability across the observation period." sur_refl_b01_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of surface reflectance in MODIS Band 1 (red) derived from MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in red reflectance values across the observation period." sur_refl_b02_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of surface reflectance in MODIS Band 2 (near-infrared) derived from MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in NIR reflectance associated with vegetation structure and biomass." sur_refl_b03_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of surface reflectance in MODIS Band 3 (blue) derived from MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in blue reflectance, often influenced by atmospheric conditions and used in vegetation indices like EVI." sur_refl_b07_stdDev unitless "Standard deviation of surface reflectance in MODIS Band 7 (shortwave infrared) derived from MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in SWIR reflectance, which is sensitive to vegetation moisture content and land surface properties." ViewZenith_stdDev degrees "Standard deviation of the view zenith angle (in degrees) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in the sensor’s viewing angle relative to the vertical at each pixel." SolarZenith_stdDev degrees "Standard deviation of the solar zenith angle (in degrees) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in the angle between the sun and the vertical at each pixel." RelativeAzimuth_stdDev degrees "Standard deviation of the relative azimuth angle (in degrees) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in the angular difference between the sun and sensor viewing directions." DayOfYear_stdDev days "Standard deviation of the day of year (in days) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), representing temporal variability in the timing of observations across the study period." EVI unitless "Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS MOD13A1 product (500 m, 16-day composite), designed to optimize vegetation signal by minimizing atmospheric and soil background noise using blue, red, and near-infrared reflectance; unitless." ET mm/8-days "Actual evapotranspiration (ET) derived from MODIS MOD16A2 product (500 m, 8-day composite), representing the amount of water transferred from land to atmosphere through evaporation and plant transpiration, measured in millimeters per 8-day period." amp degrees Celsius "Amplitude derived from sinusoidal adjustment of MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) data (MOD11A1, 1 km, daily), representing the magnitude of seasonal temperature variation over the observation period; measured in degrees Celsius (°C)" pha days "Phase derived from sinusoidal adjustment of MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) data (MOD11A1, 1 km, daily), representing the timing (day of year) of peak temperature during the seasonal cycle; measured in days." depth cm Two depth intervals in the soil properties: 0_10 (surface layer) and 10_30 (subsurface layer). total_N_perc_2022 % "Total nitrogen content in 2022 measured by the dry combustion method following the LECO® instrument manufacturer’s procedure (Elementar Vario MAX CNS macro elemental analyser, Elementar Analyse Systeme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). " total_C_perc_2022 % "Total carbon content in 2022 measured by the dry combustion method following the LECO® instrument manufacturer’s procedure (Elementar Vario MAX CNS macro elemental analyser, Elementar Analyse Systeme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). " total_H_perc_2022 % "Total hydrogen content in 2022 measured by the dry combustion method following the LECO® instrument manufacturer’s procedure (Elementar Vario MAX CNS macro elemental analyser, Elementar Analyse Systeme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). " CN_ratio_2022 unitless "Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in 2022 measured by the dry combustion method following the LECO® instrument manufacturer’s procedure (Elementar Vario MAX CNS macro elemental analyser, Elementar Analyse Systeme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). ." CH_ratio_2022 unitless "Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio in 2022 measured by the dry combustion method following the LECO® instrument manufacturer’s procedure (Elementar Vario MAX CNS macro elemental analyser, Elementar Analyse Systeme GmbH, Hanau, Germany)." bd_cyl_gcm3_2022 g/cm³ "Bulk density (cylinder method) in 2022, estimated using the core method (Blake, 1986)." wetness_cyl_2022 g/g "Gravimetric water content (cylinder method) in 2022, estimated using the core method (Blake, 1986)" porosity_cyl_2022 unitless "Total porosity (cylinder method) in 2022, estimated using the core method (Blake, 1986)." vol_sol_cyl_2022 cm³ "Volume of soil (cylinder method) in 2022, estimated using the core method (Blake, 1986)." vol_wc_cyl_2022 cm³ "Volume of water content (cylinder method) in 2022, estimated using the core method (Blake, 1986)." vol_air_cyl_2022 cm³ "Volume of air-filled pores (cylinder method) in 2022, estimated using the core method (Blake, 1986)." clay_perc_2021 % Clay fraction in soil measured by laser diffraction (Mastersizer) in 2021. silt_perc_2021 % Silt fraction in soil measured by laser diffraction (Mastersizer) in 2021. sand_perc_2021 % Sand fraction in soil measured by laser diffraction (Mastersizer) in 2021. bd_cor_gcm3_2022 g/cm³ "Bulk density (core method) in 2022, from soil cores." wet_cor_perc_2022 % "Gravimetric water content (core method) in 2022, from soil cores." porosity_cor_perc_2022 % "Total porosity (core method) in 2022, from soil cores." aggregate_stability_2022 unitless "Soil aggregate stability in 2022, measured using the SLAKES App method described by Fajardo et al. (2016)." dsDNA_ug of DNA per 1 g of soil_2022 µg/g "Double-stranded DNA concentration in 2022, extracted by the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany)." soil_pH_1_5w_2022 unitless "Soil pH (1:5 water suspension) in 2022, measured in a one-part soil to a five-part water solution using SevenCompact™ pH Meter from Mettler Toledo." EC_dS/m_2022 dS/m "Electrical conductivity in 2022, measured in a one-part soil to a five-part water solution (EC1:5 – mS/m) using SevenCompact™ pH Meter from Mettler Toledo" evap_narrabri mm/day "Evaporation at Narrabri in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." rain_south mm "Rainfall at southern station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." rain_wheat mm "Rainfall at wheat station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." relhumidity_south % "Relative humidity at southern station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." relhumidity_wheat % "Relative humidity at wheat station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." solarrad_south MJ/m² "Solar radiation at southern station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." solarrad_wheat MJ/m² "Solar radiation at wheat station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." temp_south degrees Celsius "Mean temperature at southern station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." temp_wheat degrees Celsius "Mean temperature at wheat station in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by The University of Sydney, as part of the OZ Forecast project." tempmax_narrabri degrees Celsius "Maximum temperature at Narrabri in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided by the OZ Forecast project." tempmin_narrabri degrees Celsius "Minimum temperature at Narrabri in 2022, retrieved from weather station observations provided the OZ Forecast project." ID_unique 1_to_640 Laboratory identifier for each tea bag unit. NAME_PROBE SITE_PROBE_ID_NUM "Enviropro probes unique long composed name , composed_as: SITE_PROBE_ID_NUM." Replicate "A, B, C, D" "Field replicates within Tea Bag Index square (1m2). Each replicate is composed of a pair of tea bags, one of each tea type, green and rooibos." "Initial weight green tea including bag, cord and label" grams "Initial weight of green tea bag including bag, cord and label in grams. " Final weight green tea including dirty bag grams "Final weight of green tea only in grams. This means 'dirty' bag after incubation (weights empirically taken and standardised to 0.13 grams), cord (0.03 grams) and label (0.1 grams). *.A total disccount of 0.25g. " "Initial weight rooibos tea including bag, cord and label" grams "Initial weight of green tea bag including bag, cord and label, in grams. " Final weight rooibos tea including dirty bag grams "Final weight of rooibos tea only in grams. This means 'dirty' bag after incubation (weights empirically taken and standardised to 0.13 grams), cord (0.03 grams) and label (0.1 grams). *.A total disccount of 0.25g. " Decomposition_k mg/g*day Tea bag index decomposition rate k calculated. Stabilisation_S g/g Tea bag index stabilisation factor S calculated. Incubation time days Tea bags incubation days in the soil. Fraction decomposed green tea (ag) unitless Remaining hydrolysable mass fraction of green tea. Predicted labile fraction rooibos tea (ar) unitless Remaining hydrolysable mass fraction of rooibos tea. Fraction remaining rooibos tea (Mt) unitless The remaining mass fraction of rooibos tea litter only after the specified incubation time (in days). Fraction decomposed rooibos tea (g) unitless Remaining hydrolysable mass fraction of rooibos tea. SET set1_to_set5 Incubation set representing incubation periods from set1 to set 5.