Honours Theses and Postgraduate Coursework

Scheduling in the community: Challenging partnerships in mental health

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Scheduling in the community: Challenging partnerships in mental health Fiorillo, Patrizia Studies have shown that the experience of involuntary admission to a psychiatric unit is a stressful event that may contribute to secondary morbidity in vulnerable individuals. The experience preceding involuntary admission, commonly known as a "schedule", i.e., the compulsory removal and transportation of a person deemed to be mentally ill or disordered from their environment to a psychiatric facility for further assessment, has had little attention. The aim of this study was to identify the dominant factors of scheduling; the impact these factors have on the relationships between the main participants; and the current needs to develop a humane and consumer focused service. To this end, ten people who were scheduled; ten relatives of people who were scheduled; and ten clinicians involved in scheduling people participated in semi-structured interviews. These interviews evolved into a narrative style that better suited the topic under discussion and generated extensive amounts of data. A multifaceted method of analysis was used, predominantly of a thematic qualitative nature, to interpret the results. The results show that the three groups experience the scheduling event in similar ways. Fear, anxiety, concern, betrayal, and lack of options predominate in all groups. The concepts of power, crime or illness, and information and education challenge assumptions about insight, competence, informed consent and working in partnership, and set the ground rules for effective therapeutic relationships. The need for comprehensive information and education programs; forums for discussion and evaluation of events; increased family involvement; ongoing trust relationships with mental health professionals; and increased resources were identified by those involved in this sensitive area. In order to work in true partnership in mental health, particularly in the highly skilled area of acute interventions, we need to challenge our assumptions and beliefs and listen to the lived experiences of those we work with. Acute community mental health requires high levels of skill, knowledge and clinical acumen based on humanistic principles and ethical values as well as in medical knowledge. This thesis contributes to the knowledge and understanding required to develop partnerships and policies that can make this very human event more human. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Community participation in health care decisions

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Community participation in health care decisions Leibbrandt, Lara Community participation is defined as a range of activities which involve people from various communities identifying issues and participating in decisions about planning for management and delivery ofhealth programs or policies. Participation occurs at two levels in health care. Firstly, the participation of individuals in their own health care and treatment, and secondly the involvement of people as community members, participating in decision making and debate concerning health spending priorities. There is a large body of literature that advocates community participation in health care decisions. The strongest arguments claim that involving people in the health system will assist in improving the health of populations. By setting up mechanisms that let people have a say in health care decisions, the health care system will provide more appropriate care to communities. There are a range of approaches to community participation many complex and multifaceted. The key defining characteristics of community participation are joint problem solving, joint decision making, joint responsibility and joint sharing of benefits. Models including: (A) Community Development; (B) Social Action; (C) Action Research; and (D) Participatory Research, are relevant for community participation approaches. These share similar underlying philosophies, although they are not appropriate for implementing in the same situations. Generally, community participation is viewed as positive and desirable for improving quality of health care and the health of populations, although studies show mixed success in these outcomes. Methods and philosophies of community participation models are not aligned with traditional research or health care models. Appropriateness of community participation in all situations is limited due to the nature and requirements for implementation, such as timing, provision of sufficient resources, engaging communities and determining suitable representation is a further issue. Also there are issues for community participation, in terms of implementation, evaluation, and integration with traditional health service models. In general, outcomes of community participation in health care may be discussed in terms of community empowerment and, and improved individual rights, equity, efficiency and effectiveness, accessibility, accountability and quality ofhealth services. It is recommended as a strategy to achieve the above factors as well as for debate in health spending priorities. Moves toward community participation were strengthened through a paradigm shift in ways of thinking in the last few decades, in areas in health care concerned with a population focus, including community health, health promotion and the new public health. The Ottowa Charter was a landmark document of this paradigm shift, and its principles have been internationally accepted. Community participation is a critical focus of the Ottowa Charter. The recent push for cuts in health care expenditure, has resulted in countries internationally concentrating on the need to set priorities in health care. However, techniques for prioritising are very uncertain. There are barriers and issues for community participation in health care decision making, due to the nature in which health care decisions currently take place. One element agreed upon is that priority setting inevitably involves subjective judgments, also that there is a need for development of ethical or public values to influence health decisions. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Manic Depressive Disorder (Bipolar Disorder) and its effect on the family unit

Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT

Manic Depressive Disorder (Bipolar Disorder) and its effect on the family unit Webster, Sayumporn Bipolar affective disorder can mean many years of pain, confusion and loneliness for sufferers. This can also be said to be true for their families. Most relatives develop a fixed set of attitudes ranging from supportive, whatever the circumstances, to the persistently critical and hostile. It is not possible to know if the latter may be a trait or the outcome of a developmental process, but the complexity of these emotions would have some significance in the relapse, and on the family unit as a whole. This study focuses on how family members are affected by living with bipolar disorder sufferers. It is based on relative studies of schizophrenia (The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 1993, McCreadie et al). Aspects examined include: relationships, practical management, emotional support care given to relatives suffering from bipolar disorder on relative's own health, the extreme difficulty that people with the illness experience in learning from life, and the significance of stress for relatives, both financial and social. The study uses in-depth interviewing and questionnaires methodology to measure the emotions, attitudes and feelings of relatives living closely with the sufferers, and the social consequences on the family unit. The results show that the high-EE (Expressed Emotion) critical families, when the sufferers and relatives are in conflict there is a prolonged and escalating "mutual" negativity. It makes no distinction as to the originators of the negative sequence. Furthermore, in contrast to work on EE or affective style, the results indicate that in low-EE families there is an actively supportive attitude to the sufferers. This parallel is present in the study, but the findings also stress the need for the sufferers to be supporting of their carers. The cases of relapse show that the sufferers and the carers play at least an equal part in the negative inter-action associated with relapse. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

A comparative study of Alzheimers Disease, Multi Infarct Dementia and the AIDS Dementia Complex

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

A comparative study of Alzheimers Disease, Multi Infarct Dementia and the AIDS Dementia Complex Griffiths, Nicola Nursing homes and other long term health care facilities have traditionally been the home of the frail aged or younger people with profound disabilities. With increases in medical knowledge comes increased human longevity and diseases associated with longer life will lead to an increase in number of people with dementia. As a sufferers condition worsens, the idea of placement may arise, and the person is placed in a nursing home where sufferers receive specialised care. As this happens expectations of quality of care in long term care facilities will rise, and certain questions will need to be addressed. The aim of this study is to look at three of the more common forms of dementia Alzheimers disease (AD), multi infarct dementia (MID) and the lesser known AIDS dementia complex (ADC). ADC care is a relatively new concept to the majority of nursing homes mainly due to the fact that powerful anti-viral drugs are being used as treatment, resulting in an increase in the lifespan of sufferers. Due to the fact that placement in a long term care facility is significantly cheaper than specialised home care, it is eminently possible that the numbers of AIDS sufferers in nursing homes will also increase. This study will also address the contentious issues associated with the placement of ADC sufferers in nursing homes. In the future studies such as this will be of utmost importance not only to the medical field but to all allied health teams providing care in a nursing home or other long term care facility. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Risk factors for strong regret and subsequent IVF request after tubal sterilisation

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Risk factors for strong regret and subsequent IVF request after tubal sterilisation Kariminia, Azar A case control study was done to examine presterilisation characteristics most consistently associated with strong poststerilisation regret and subsequent request for IVF. The case group was made up of 97 previously sterilised women evaluated for IVF treatment at the Fertility Clinic or Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney during the period 1980-1992. A Control group of 101 women apparently satisfied with their tuballigation was found from the medical records of one gynaecologist at Royal North Shore Hospital. Of the characteristics that could be objectively determined preoperatively only age, number of living children, timing of sterilisation and marital status were significantly associated with IVF request in the univariate analysis. These characteristics were, then, examined multivariately by means of logistic regression. Age at the time of sterilisation had the most pronounced effect on strong regret. Women who were younger than 30 years old at the time of sterilisation had up to 8.7 times the risk of request for IVF treatment as women 30 to 34 years old. A concurrent caesarean section was associated with a threefold risk relative to an interval procedure, but there was no significant effect associated with sterilisation performed after vaginal delivery or abortion. A strong protective effect (OR=0.07) was found for women with more than 2 children compared to childless women. There was no longer a significant effect of marital status in the multivariate analysis. Other factors not significantly associated with the request for IVF included history of abortion, education, race, the principal method of contraception used before sterilisation, and medical indications for sterilisation. The overwhelming reasons stated by women for requesting IVF were change in marital status, either remarriage or the establishment of a new de facto relationship, and the desire to have a child with the new partner. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

The adolescent asthma action program: ‘Triple A Program’

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

The adolescent asthma action program: ‘Triple A Program’ Shah, Smita Asthma is a major public health problem in Australia. With up to 1 in 4 children and adolescents having symptoms of asthma, there is a high toll not only on the individual with asthma and their care-givers but also on the health care delivery system. Adolescents with asthma are particularly vulnerable to serious asthma attacks and sudden death. For many adolescents, this is a particularly risky period, as compliance with therapy may decrease and medical supervision becomes less consistent. As behaviours and life style are primary contributers to morbidity and mortality in adolescents, education appears to be a potential way to have an impact on behaviour change. The challenge is to develop a program which will not only have a considerable impact, but is acceptable and relevant to the school community. This treatise examines the relevant literature and psychosocial theories and models applicable to asthma health promotion and management in adolescents. It provides a health promotion model for addressing barriers to optimum asthma management and an Intervention Model to increase knowledge and improve behaviour in high school students. The aims of this treatise are: to establish the impact of asthma on high school students; to justify asthma health promotion in high schools; to identify behavioural and psychosocial factors relevant to adolescents asthma management; to describe an asthma health promotion intervention in a girls high school, based on the conceptual model. The Adolescent Asthma Action Program is an innovative asthma health promotion intervention program for high schools. The aim of the program is to promote optimum management of asthma through peer-led education and creative student presentations. Students are active in both learning and teaching and are the catalysts for behaviour change and supportive school environment. The Program is undertaken in a socially disadvantaged area, where a significant proportion of high school students come from non-English speaking backgrounds (NESS). A common health issue in the school is addressed through positive peer modelling and social reinforcement. The models can also be applied to other health issues and have potential for a wide range of applications in schools. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Cigarette smoking and cervical cancer in Sydney, Australia 1980 - 1983: A case-control study

Wed, 01 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT

Cigarette smoking and cervical cancer in Sydney, Australia 1980 - 1983: A case-control study Noertjojo, Hyronimus The purpose of these hospital and community-based case-control studies was to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer (in-situ and invasive). A number of local and international studies have investigated the association between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer. However few if any have investigated this association in in-situ and invasive cervical cancer using community and hospital controls at the same time. The association between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer is investigated in samples of 114 in-situ cervical cancer cases, 75 invasive cervical cancer cases, 181 community controls and 331 hospital controls. These cervical cancer cases and hospital controls were collected from Royal Price Alfred hospital and Westmead hospital in Sydney, Australia during 1980 - 1983. Community control data were identified from the files of the family doctor or from university affiliated general practices from the same areas as the in-situ cases. The data for invasive cases and hospital controls were collected as a part of a WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives in Australia (1980-1983). The data for in-situ cases and community controls were collected as part of a case-control study on dietary factors and risk of in-situ cervical cancer conducted by Brock and others (1980-1983). Number of sexual partners, induced abortion experience, practise of "safe period" contraception, and cigarette smoking measured both by ever smoked and number of cigarettes smoked per day are significantly associated with increased risk of developing in-situ cervical cancer using community controls. For in-situ cervical cancer cases using hospital controls number of sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, spouses' duration of education, induced abortion experience, spirit drinking habit, use of oral contraceptives and smoking status are identified as risk factors. Invasive cervical cancer using hospital controls revealed a different pattern of risk factors. In this study parous women, women who engaged in unskilled jobs, women who drank beer and women who smoked are at an increased risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. Thus in this study cigarette smoking is established as one of risk factors for cervical cancer. The increased risks of developing cervical cancer caused by cigarette smoking are various. For in-situ cervical cancer using community and hospital controls the risks are 2.3 and 1.8 respectively; for invasive cervical cancer the risk is 1.8. A dose response relationship between number of cigarettes smoked per day and increased risk of developing in-situ cervical cancer was also observed in the study involving in-situ cervical cancer using community controls. The study on in-situ cervical cancer with different control groups namely hospital and community controls revealed a different pattern with regard to the risk factors. It is still uncertain whether this difference is a true difference with regard to different exposure toward the hospital and community populations or as the result of biases including selection bias, admission bias, information bias and recall bias. With regard to the smoking variables, the finding in this study is still inconclusive since this study was not specifically designed to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer and also this study failed to control for another major risk factor for cervical cancer, namely history of infection of Human Papilloma Virus. Thus in order to establish cigarette smoking as a risk factor for cervical cancer it is still necessary to further investigate the history of Human Papilloma Virus infection in this study population. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Perceptions of the role of diversional therapy within nursing homes by directors of nursing

Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT

Perceptions of the role of diversional therapy within nursing homes by directors of nursing Quirke, Jacqueline Provision of leisure and recreational services has the ability to significantly contribute to the quality of life of older adults living in residential settings including those residents living in nursing homes. Therefore diversional therapy services should be seen as a vital part of these facilities. Currently, there is a feeling within the diversional therapy profession that there is a lack of understanding ofthe true role of the diversional therapist within various health care facilities, including nursing homes. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of the role of the diversional therapist within nursing homes by directors of nursing. Qualitative research methods were used with the aim of gaining the true perceptions that directors of nursing have on various areas of diversional therapy practice. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with directors of nursing at various nursing homes in the Sydney area. The interview data suggests that although the directors of nursing were generally supportive of diversional therapy, there is clearly a lack of understanding on behalf of the directors of nursing on various areas of diversional therapy practice, including roles, skills, training and education of a diversional therapist. Other issues were revealed in the interviews and are also of importance in relation to the diversional therapy profession such as suitability of the name diversional therapy, employment conditions and other professional issues affecting diversional therapy practice. This study aims to increase diversional therapists knowledge in relation to the perceived roles that directors of nursing hold on the diversional therapy profession and therefore to give the diversional therapy profession some kind of base line on which to focus their educational programs on the diversional therapy profession. Also, to increase the documented research base on diversional therapy practice and associated issues. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Non-governmental organization and building community

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Non-governmental organization and building community Sogawa, Sanae The Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) community encompasses a wide range of organisations and performances within and across many different countries in the world. The structure of NGOs ranges from small groups of a village-like size to a very large international level organisation. The activities of these organisations is spread across various sections such as funding, economics, technical, leisure, humanities, etc. and their performances are dependent on the individual NGO as well as the country and sector in which the NGO works. The NGO community has dramatically grown in member size in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres after industrialised governments supported NGO activity with funding. However, there are constraints in NGO activity due to funding arrangements, as well as different perspectives between Southern NGOs, Northern NGOs and governments. A 'critical' case study (embedded) is applied to Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), as it is one of the well-known NGOs. The MSF's Activity Report: 'July 1998-June 1999' is used to analyse its activities and the collected data are examined according to the five dimensions of the study framework Community Building Practice. With reference to the literature review and the results of the case study, the influence of funding on NGO activity, the autonomy of Grass Roots Organisations (GROs) and the professionalisation of international NGOs will be discussed. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Female genital mutilation

Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Female genital mutilation Freeman, Elizabeth Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a procedure involving partial or total removal of genitalia for cultural or non-therapeutic purposes. It is practiced for economic, traditional and religious reasons in different countries around the globe. What policies and legislation have been used to prevent the practice and how Australia deals with it is among some of her migrant population is the purpose of this study. The study shows that the practice of FGM in other countries must be viewed with caution, within the context of social, economic and traditional structures of these societies. Faced with the dilemma of one's right against the horm of the tradition, western societies has now embarked on preventative measures through education and changes in behaviour. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Breastfeeding policies and the social context of breastfeeding

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

Breastfeeding policies and the social context of breastfeeding Jackson, Sandra The World Health Organisation, in 1979, expressed a need to promote infant health through breastfeeding as a global health need. Australia voted in favour of adopting an 'International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes' and in 1984 guidelines were issued on the promotion of breastfeeding and implementation of the WHO breastfeeding code. This development occurred in the absence of any evaluation of the social or cultural context in which breastfeeding takes place. The aim of this study is to seek to address the relationship between socio-cultural factors and breastfeeding through an extensive review of the relevant literature. This study found that the socio-economic factors education, occupation and income were significantly related to breastfeeding, with mothers with more education being more successful at breastfeeding. Formal education was found to have a greater influence than breastfeeding education. Also the cultural factors or life practices were significantly related to breastfeeding, with traditional infant feeding practices, after immigration, undergoing breastfeeding modification to those of the host country. The lifestyle practices of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and illegal drug use were significantly related to breastfeeding, with smokers, and particularly heavy smokers, being less likely to choose to breastfeed or continue breastfeeding. Another cultural factor found to be sigmficantly related to breastfeeding was the support from family and friends. However, the male partner was found to have the most influence on the duration of breastfeeding. These soon-cultural factors that influence the infant feeding decision need to be appraised by policy makers concerned with promoting breastfeeding. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Community theatre: A tool for health promotion

Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT

Community theatre: A tool for health promotion Shahariman, Rogayah Community theatre is a means of voicing community concerns, and involves collective analysis of an issue, decision making and action to bring about change. Health promotion through community development involves the community in all facets of priority setting, decision making and implementing actions to alter factors that affect its health. The aim of this study was to match both processes and determine whether community theatre was an effective tool for health promotion, particularly for people of Non English Speaking Background. Four different theatre productions were accessed and the perspectives of the community participants, health educators and artistic directors obtained. Community theatre was found to be a potentially effective method of health promotion, be it didactic, experiential or through community development. However, its effectiveness could be limited by many cultural, personal and logistical constraints. Therefore it should be applied appropriately. This required much prior planning, greater community participation, adequate resources and realistic expectations. It was thought to be most effective as part of a range of other health promotion programmes. Greater evaluation and documentation of every such production was required as a guide for future use and support of community theatre for health promotion. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

An investigation of thyroid hormone levels and disease in New South Wales children

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

An investigation of thyroid hormone levels and disease in New South Wales children Agnos, Anna This epidemiological study investigated the proposed relationship between three parameters of thyroid function - thyroxine (T4) triiodothyronine uptake (T3U) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and various diseases in a population of N.S.W. children of varying age, who underwent blood screening for thyroid function at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children between 1980 and 1990. Age, sex, puberty and year of diagnosis were identified as potential confounders in the study and various measures taken to control for these factors in the analysis. The study population was divided into two broad categories: patients aged less than 3 years of age and, patients aged 3-18 years of age. The main analysis concentrated on the 3-18 year age group. A Short Stature diagnostic group was selected as a control group in this category. As the diagnostic groups identified varied in normality, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was used for significance testing of the data. Seventy-eight separate diagnostic groups were identified in patients aged 3-18 years. Twenty-one diagnostic groups showed a statistically significant mean difference (p < 0.05) for T4 between the cases and the control group. Ofthese, the following diagnostic groups were selected for analysis and found to have a significantly low T4 compared to the control group: Selected Diabetes, Thalassaemia, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Anorexia Nervosa, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, various Psychological disorders and Cystic Fibrosis. The following diagnostic groups were found to have a significantly high T4 compared to the control group: Obesity, Deafness, Failure to Thrive, Slipped Epiphyses, Turner's Syndrome and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis. These groups were stratified by sex and puberty (3-11 years and >11-18 years) and similarly analysed. A further analysis was performed in order to produce an odds ratio. These diagnostic groups seemed to affect thyroid function in either of three different ways. Conditions affecting the thyroid gland directly were reflected in the results for T4. Conditions affecting protein binding mechanisms were reflected in the results for T3U and conditions which affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis were reflected in the results for TSH. The literature generally supported the findings of this study. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

A study into the cause of drug abuse amongst the Vietnamese youth: An environmental perspective

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

A study into the cause of drug abuse amongst the Vietnamese youth: An environmental perspective Pham, Tung-Minh This study describes the environmental causes of alcohol and other drug misuse amongst the Vietnamese street youth. It explores how factors of migration affected the Vietnamese family life, mainly language difficulty, employment, racial bias, and ill-image of the Vietnamese community reported by the media. The study further outlines three atmospheres: family, school and media that contribute to the problems of alcohol and other drug misuse by the Vietnamese youth. Conflict and tension issues between parents and children are discussed in terms of cultural differences, communication and lack of effective parenting skills. Problems at schools faced by the Vietnamese students are discussed in terms of racism, language difficulties and lack of appropriate services. The study highlighted that "very easy" and "easy" to get drug was an added factor to increase drug use amongst this target group. To date there is no existing intervention and prevention programs initiated by the government and the community to deal with racism and schooling issues. The paper suggests some practical strategies that can be employed to deal with these issues in relation of cross-cultural training, racism prevention, parenting skills and increase in employment rates amongst the Vietnamese community. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Serotonin – historical aspects and rehabilitation

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Serotonin – historical aspects and rehabilitation Maharaj, Saroj Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in a variety of neurological and behavioural functions. Since its discovery in 1948, the identification of serotonin receptors and their functions is an area of research that is moving towards clinical application. Serotonin is involved in the control of numerous central nervous system functions including mood, emotions, aggression, pain, anxiety, sleep, memory, eating behaviour, addictive behaviour (alcohol and substance abuse), temperature control, endocrine regulation, and motor behaviour. Low levels of serotonin are associated with alcoholism, depression, suicide, migraine, aggressive behaviour, sleep problems, eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, and obesity) and some neurological diseases. High levels have been linked to autism, tourette's syndrome, carcinoid syndrome, and serotonin syndrome. Much remains unknown, however, new techniques in molecular biology has resulted in more detailed examination of serotonergic properties. The wide ranging symptomatology of serotonin associated disorders, proposes many challenges for rehabilitation of some of these disorders in the community which are of major public health concern in the 20th century. Treatment with Tryptophan, drugs or diet modification has been used to assist in the rehabilitation of such illnesses but problems occur in all these treatment modalities. Various drugs are already being used on a non-selective basis for treatment of serotonin deficiency diseases. There has been little work done in linking the various roles of serotonin from biochemical to physiological, clinical and treatment aspects. In a novel approach, the aim of this project is to review these roles of serotonin in humans and to provide such links via an epidemiological approach and produce recommendations for future research which will contribute to potential areas for clinical application in the treatment and rehabilitation of serotonin deficiency diseases. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Participation in the community visitors scheme in the Sydney metropolitan area: A study of volunteer characteristics and motivations

Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT

Participation in the community visitors scheme in the Sydney metropolitan area: A study of volunteer characteristics and motivations Pattinson, Diane The aim of this descriptive study is to investigate the characteristics and motivations of volunteers participating in the Community Visitors Scheme (CVS) in the Sydney metropolitan area and to determine if previous difficult life experiences influence a person's decision to participate in the CVS. Volunteers in the CVS are recruited and trained, by sponsoring Community Based Organisations (CBOs), to visit on a one-to-one basis isolated and lonely people living in nursing homes. Research into this scheme will assist in the understanding of the use of volunteers in nursing homes, add to the literature on the characteristics and motivations of Australian volunteers, and provide data on a recently implemented government scheme. A self-administered questionnaire was randomly distributed to 140 CVS volunteers through the CVS Coordinators of fourteen CBOs representative of all localities within the Sydney metropolitan area. The data gathered were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the study are based upon the 64 questionnaires returned. Overall, the results of this study indicate that an average CVS volunteer is likely to be a married woman, aged 53, with children, who is retired and owns her own home. She is likely to live with her spouse in Northern Sydney or the Inner areas of the city and volunteered over three years ago for altruistic reasons. She continues to visit because of the developing friendship with her resident and finds the experience as a CVS volunteer personally rewarding. Over a quarter of all volunteers (N=17) were influenced by a past experience they had found difficult to deal with. Generally, CVS volunteers find participation in the scheme a rewarding experience. A number of recommendations have been made based upon the results of this study. These recommendations relate to the areas of recruitment, support and retention of volunteers, appropriate skills development of CVS Coordinators, and specific areas for future research. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

The impact of migration; influences on the lives of Chinese aged women in Sydney, Australia

Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT

The impact of migration; influences on the lives of Chinese aged women in Sydney, Australia Lo-Wang, Soo-Er This survey examines the impact of migration on the lives of the Chinese aged women who are now living in Sydney, Australia. A convenience sample of sixty women participated in this survey. They were interviewed using structured questionnaires consisting of fifty questions which included demographic data, family structure, perceptions of health and use of community / health services, family supports and social networks, personal feeling of being a migrant woman, income resources, roles, and traditional cultural view for interview criteria. The three aims of this study are: (1) To find out whether the Chinese aged women suffer the same conditions---multiple disadvantages---as the Australia-born aged women do? (2) To investigate the cultural differences perceived by the Chinese aged women and their expectation of life in Australia. (3) To explore changes in the life situations and attitudes of the Chinese aged women in terms of well-being, health, social contacts, and intergenerational relationships. Results of the survey revealed that the majority of the participants (67%) live with their children, inter-generation relationships are maintained. Family ties are still very strong even when they live separately from their children. Their social behaviours are relatively guided by Chinese value - such as filial piety. They often engage in meaningful interaction with their children, and actively participated in social activities. Fifty-five percent of Chinese aged women who participated in this survey claimed that they are healthy, and leading a good life. They are very pleased with the Australian social and health care systems, this enhances their well-being. Those who are not yet eligible for Australian aged pensions have their own saving or are supported by their children. Furthermore, this survey also reveals that the participants are psychologically prepared to accept the cultural differences. They see no conflict between Australian cultures and their own values. Rather it is a blended effect, incorporating both together in their family life. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

The stress experience among Chinese young people in Australia

Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT

The stress experience among Chinese young people in Australia Leung, Ka Australia is a multicultural country. It has one of the world's diversed terms of ethnic and culture population. In response to the absorption of migrants from non English-speaking background in Australia, the population of ethnic young people has increased significantly in recent decades. Many disturbing trends in Australia is of 1990s, affect all the population particular young people with ethnic background. Ethnic youth are usually being confronted with additional burden of stress and conflicts, which arise out of the migration and resettlement process, coping with two cultures and value systems, and being a minority group in the society. Chinese, like other minority youth groups in Australia, are confronted with variety of stressful life events. Little attention has been paid to the psychological stresses experienced by these minority youth. This study is to explore the experience of stress among the Chinese young people in Australia. By reviewing relevant literature, this study will examine the Chinese culture and values, which can influence the experience of stress among the Chinese youth. Other stress factors such as being a minority group in a Western country will also be explored. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

An evaluation of the planning program using goal attainment scaling

An evaluation of the planning program using goal attainment scaling Mitchell, Toni Therapists providing individualised programs in rehabilitation are increasingly challenged to document and present the outcomes and effectiveness of their services. For program evaluation to be feasible, a methodology is required that is compatible with the characteristics, demands and priorities of clients as well as therapy environments. Goal attainment scaling is a method to evaluate services based on the attainment of individual client or program goals. This method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a home based, individualised, cognitive rehabilitation intervention for an eight year old boy, long term after traumatic brain injury. The child and family participated in the Planning Program, designed to teach compensatory strategies for planning and to support these with minor environmental modifications. Background information and an analysis of the theory and model behind the Planning Program are presented. The evaluation results revealed an overall goal attainment scale score (T score) of 68.70, indicating that the overall program goal had been accomplished, at above the expected level. The implications, advantages and disadvantages of goal attainment scaling as a method to evaluate individualised programs in paediatric brain injury rehabilitation are discussed. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Motor vehicle airbags and related ocular injury

Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT

Motor vehicle airbags and related ocular injury Jacob, Nabill The aim of this study is to document current literature regarding those ocular injuries sustained due to airbag deployment during a motor vehicle accident. Airbags have been proven to reduce morbidity and mortality but eye health care professionals and the larger community have to be aware of those injuries which may occur during airbag deployment. A literature review was undertaken and from this review approximately eighteen different eye injuries have been documented. While nearly all of the eye injuries sustained due to airbag deployment had good prognoses some did not. The airbag has undergone changes in order to reduce injury but it will work properly and pose little threat to the occupant of a motor vehicle if it is used in conjunction with the wearing of seat belts for optimal petfonnance, hence the term supplementary restraining system. Studies undertaken in Australia in 1988 showed that 83% of drivers injured in motor vehicle accidents were wearing seat belts therefore the airbag has more potential in lowering this statistic. So that by the use of seat belts and airbags in conjunction injuries to areas such as the face and head including eyes can be considerably reduced. It is apparent that injuries sustained to the head and face area are greater in accidents where a vehicle is not equipped with an airbag. Thus with an airbag the severity of such injuries should decrease. Technology has gone on thus far to redesign the airbag to reduce potential injury to the benefactor (1) and even gone on to create airbags that deploy during side impact to protect occupants from injury (2) and in the not too distant future airbags for rear seat passengers may also become a reality (3). As the cost of supplying airbags goes down they are thought to be most cost effective in tenus of the morbidity and mortality reduction and thus bring overall benefit to the community because of this fact. Literature has proven with data and fact that airbags do indeed save lives and reduce injury to those occupants in airbag equipped motor vehicles (4). This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

The effects of exercise on quality of life before myocardial infarction and during four phase exercise rehabilitation

Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT

The effects of exercise on quality of life before myocardial infarction and during four phase exercise rehabilitation Dunstan, Prudence Quality of life may be enhanced after myocardial infarction through participation in exercise rehabilitation. Improvements as a result of exercise participation are seen in physiological function, in psychological state and in the performance of social roles. Changes in physiological function are increased oxygen uptake of skeletal muscle, increased flexibility and increased co-ordination. Changes to psychological state are a reduction in depression and anxiety and improved self esteem and confidence. The performance of social roles is enhanced through psychological and physiological changes and in the sense of achievement generated by attainment of rehabilitation goals. Through the course of exercise rehabilitation from phase one through to phase four, the role of exercise in the components of quality of life changes. Exercise may be used as a tool for the prevention of myocardial infarction. During phase one of rehabilitation, quality of life is reduced by the infarction. Exercise may be used in phase one to restore patient confidence and assist in adjustment to illness. During phases two exercise is used for improvements in physiological function and in psychological adjustment. Phases one and two are marked by the psychological and social considerations of adjustment as well as physiological healing. In phase three, exercise improves quality of life through further improvements in physiological function. Phase three has many physiological gains to be made, whilst in phase four sociological considerations dominate. Adherence to lifelong exercise patterns is a major consideration in phase four since advantageous long term physiological changes, such as enhanced co-lateral circulation can occur. Phase four, the maintenance phase relies on social support of significant others for exercise adherence. Overall the positive effects of exercise rehabilitation after exercise outweigh the risks associated with exercise in this population. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

A study on how men define masculinity, maleness and the intrinsic value of being a man

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

A study on how men define masculinity, maleness and the intrinsic value of being a man Swan, Steve This study is concerned with men's health and health-related behaviours. It examines statistical evidence from a wide variety of resources relating to men's mortality and morbidity and to men's health-related behaviours such as domestic violence, drug abuse and risk-taking. The study shows that there are gender-related deleterious effects on men's health and health-related behaviours which are sufficiently serious to warrant attention. With men as the central focus, the study looks at socialisation practices employed by society to condition men to behave in ways expected of them. It then shows, through a study of the literature, how these socialisation practices lead to deleterious effects on men's health and health-related behaviours. Evidence is presented to indicate that this long standing form of conditioning is under challenge in the 1990s. The study presents results of interviews with five individual men. The respondents were asked for their definitions of masculinity and maleness and their views on the value of men to society. What it found was an expressed desire for closer relationships with partners, more time with children, of sensitivity and growing emotional maturity and legitimisation. There still remained a legacy of a different time with a different role for men but there was definite evidence of changing attitudes and perceptions. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Unravelling the paradox of community participation: If the process is so good why don’t people participate?

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Unravelling the paradox of community participation: If the process is so good why don’t people participate? Butler, Catherine Community participation is recognised as a basic human right and an important human need. Benefits of the process of community participation for individuals and the community are well documented and structures are established at the community, and organisational level, to facilitate the participatory process. Despite the potential benefits of participation the reality is that relatively few people choose to participate when given the opportunity. In order to facilitate effective community action it is necessary to know which individuals will participate, under what circumstances and the level of participation involved. A review of studies in the participation literature reveals that the identification of a number of social-psychological factors and cost/benefit variables associated with participation has contributed significantly to systematising an understanding of participation in voluntary organisations. Research suggests that by increasing the benefits and reducing costs in effective management systems it may be possible to increase participation. However, longitudinal studies are needed to clearly define which characteristics predict participation and which characteristics are consequences of participation. Although caution must be taken in generalising the findings of the studies conducted in the United States, given the complete absence of Australian data, the studies provide important direction for Australian research. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Gender differences and the use of health care services in childhood asthma

Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT

Gender differences and the use of health care services in childhood asthma Tikaram, Kamille Objectives: To compare gender differences in childhood asthma and to assess whether there is a gender difference in the use of health care services. Method: An analysis of the data collected by Peat et al. in the years of 1991 to 1993 has been used for this study. The population sample comprised of 5468 children from eight to eleven years of age. Results: Males had a high prevalence of wheeze and asthma (P

Social isolation, loneliness & older people: The case of Iranians

Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT

Social isolation, loneliness & older people: The case of Iranians Boardman, Jayne The purpose of this paper is to study a group of elderly people in relation to social isolation and loneliness in older people and the effects it has on a person's well being. Social isolation and loneliness occurs in people of all ages but may be a particular problem in the older generation. The emphasis of this paper is placed upon social isolation and loneliness of a group of elderly Iranians living in metropolitan Sydney. The results showed that all the elderly participants of this study felt isolated and lonely in Australia. The causes had to do with their level of proficiency in the English language, loss and grief due to leaving their homeland and losing friends, political conflict in the Iranian community and the need for meaningful social support networks. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Lived experiences of Chinese migrants with mental illness in Australia

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Lived experiences of Chinese migrants with mental illness in Australia Fung, Yvonne Literature specifically focused on Chinese migrants' mental health issues is limited even though there is a large number of scholars have discussed the migrants' resettlement experiences in the new countries. In fact, information of socio-cultural impacts on the construction and course of mental distress/illness among Chinese migrants in Australia is unclear, and the Chinese migrants' needs and their barriers to access mainstream mental health services is still fragmented. In response to the recent trend of socio-cultural approach in studying migrants' mental health issues, it is the purpose of this treatise to present a thorough literature review to describe and explore the cultural beliefs and norms of Chinese. The treatise will also illustrate how Chinese traditional culture influences the Chinese migrants' perception of and the course of mental distress/illness while they are interacting with the social environment in Australia. The argument is further supported by providing two case vignettes from a qualitative study: Lived experiences of Chinese migrants with mental illness in Australia. Two Chinese migrant women were interviewed in this study. In the social dimension, family related difficulties: such as unsatisfactory relationship with family members, full family responsibilities and role change in a family, are significant perceived stressors for Chinese migrant women. In Chinese culture, there is no clear distinction between body and mind as in Western countries. The emphasis on a family which shares the fame and ill fame among family members, in addition with the support or advice from the close family members can have impacts on the affected person's help-seeking from health professionals, which in turn, influences the course and outcome of mental distress/illness among Chinese migrants. As community health professionals, it is important not only to avoid the stereotyped thinking about one's culture, but also to maintain 'a total person approach' which involves an individual migrant's environment, including family, friends, community and the cultural setting in which the migrant lives. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Patient's perspectives of non-compliance with medication and treatment regimes: A qualitative analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT

Patient's perspectives of non-compliance with medication and treatment regimes: A qualitative analysis House, Melissa The importance of compliance as a concept among health care workers is reflected in the amount of research conducted relating to this topic. Various data base programmes such as Medline has revealed 9,718 articles on compliance, which includes 178 on medication and treatment compliance, all written within the last 5 years (1990-1995). The majority of research in this area has focussed on the subject of non-compliance from the health professionals' viewpoint, with few studies examining patients' perspectives ofnon-compliance. Within the authors' area of work (community nursing), non-compliance with medication and treatment regimes among patients seems to be a recurring problem. Personal experience indicates that little understanding of patients' views on compliance exists among the community health workers, doctors and nurses. Based on these shortcomings, and lack of reliable literature to satisfy the researchers' curiosity, the author has embarked on this particular research study. The aim of this study is to ascertain the reasons why some patients undermine their physicians' recommendations and do not follow the suggested medication or treatment regimes. The effects of non-compliancy by patients has ramifications not only on the health budget, but also on the patient-doctor relationship. From this study it is hoped that the important issues which patients percieve as influencing their decisions to 'non-comply' will be identified, in order that health professionals can effectively reevaluate their current practices in prescibing medication and treatment regimes. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Investigation into employee psychosocial needs as a factor of managerial development

Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT

Investigation into employee psychosocial needs as a factor of managerial development Smith, Deborah The following dissertation addresses psychosocial needs of employees as a form of motivational strategies in the workforce and how these strategies can form an integral part of the total functioning of an organisation. The initial procedures involved in developing an argument upon which to base the research question ('Can jobs become more satisfying if the manager applies psychological theories to managerial practise?') are in the form of investigation executed by way of an action research approach. The outcomes of the investigation have enabled the researcher to formulate a theory based on employee needs. The theory is tested by conducting a Literature Review addressing two principal themes: psychology and management. The outcomes of the Literature Review not only test the theory but offer implications of addressing employee needs in the total organisational concept. Finally, the researcher suggests possible future directions and further implications of addressing employee psychosocial needs in the workforce as a form of managerial development. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Chronic mental illness and its effects on the Portuguese family

Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT

Chronic mental illness and its effects on the Portuguese family Wenham, Deborah Australian studies have indicated that NESB mentally ill live with and are cared for by their families to a much greater degree than the ESB host community. The possibilities for interaction between migration stressors and the stressors associated with caring for a mentally ill person, have health and quality of life implications for NESB carers and mentally ill. So far the experiences of NESB carers have received little research. This study is a qualitative evaluation of the experiences of four Portuguese families caring for a person with a chronic psychotic illness. In depth interviews of both carers and Health workers working with Portuguese carers and clients were used to reveal aspects of carer experience such as Migration, Leisure, and Knowledge of Mental illness. The study concluded that the Portuguese carers and mentally ill have been successful migrants who have achieved what they came here to do. The Portuguese women were found to be the major providers of care to the mentally ill and their experiences appear to parallel those of other NESB and ESB carers of the mentally ill or other chronically ill or disabled persons. For two carers however the personal cost of caring was very high. The negativity of their experience can be directly attributed to the cultural factors of male alcoholism and domestic violence which appear to be endemic in Portuguese communities. The client directed orientation of mental health servicing whereby the expertise and/or the difficulties of carers and their children are not assessed or incorporated in care planning was also found to contribute directly to carer burden. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Early discharge: What are the effects of programmes targeted at elderly orthopaedic patients?

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Early discharge: What are the effects of programmes targeted at elderly orthopaedic patients? Taylor-Riley, Xanthe Early discharge from hospital is rapidly becoming acceptable hospital policy with increasing financial pressures that confront health services. Formalised programmes of early discharge have been developed in the United States, the United Kingdom and also Australia to support patients leaving hospital early, mainly in the areas of orthopaedics and maternity. The reviewed literature demonstrates an overall trend to deinstitutionalise health services and identifies the general effect of early discharge on the health service, carers and patients. Elderly patients following orthopaedic trauma are more likely to be dependent on others for their care than general patients. The aim of this study was to identify experiences and perceptions of elderly orthopaedic patients who participated in a programme of early discharge. The study involved semi-structured, in-depth interviews with a sample of six men and women who had been orthopaedic patients at the Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital. Broad areas for discussion included expectations of the programme, experiences following discharge including any difficulties or problems encountered, use of formal services reported capacity to attend activities of daily living and the main areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The findings revealed that patients preferred early discharge with support from both the rehabilitation discharge team and family to staying in hospital until fully recovered. Whilst experiences of this small sample cannot be generalised to the larger population, they provide insight to individual perceptions that can be used as the basis for further study. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Community gardens: A natural way to wellbeing

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Community gardens: A natural way to wellbeing Fountain, Simon Community gardens provide social, economic and environmental benefits to local urban communities. These include individual and collective social wellbeing, access to cheap, nutritious food and improved functioning of the local ecology. Although regarded by some as a neutral project to organise a community around, community gardening is still highly political. When planned, organised and run by local people and located centrally in the community, (particularly disadvantaged communities) these green spaces offer multiple health benefits that prevent disease and promote wellbeing, a sense of citizen control and social capital. Most indicators suggest that community gardening movement has enjoyed varied success in building healthier Sydney communities. However the intrinsic effects of this low cost, low-tech community process is hard to compare and measure. Challenges include security of tenure, establishing appropriate policy and planning guidelines with local councils and departments, ensuring active and full participation of those community groups 'at risk' and developing persuasive evaluation systems to meet these challenges. It is suggested that community gardens reflect the wider social, cultural, structural elements in the society as well as the human processes that ultimately enable or restrict healthy living. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

The use of humour in diversional therapy

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

The use of humour in diversional therapy Quirke, Jacqueline Humour is a natural phenomenon that every human being possesses. But humour is often not fully utilized and often taken for granted. It is only recently that there has been an upsurge in research in the area of humour that has began to highlight and prove the many benefits that come from its effective utilization. Although humour is a natural phenomenon, there are times in our lives when humour needs to be formally initiated such as in times of illness. Diversional Therapists because of the nature of their work, have ample opportunities to initiate humour. Humour is one of the many tools diversional therapists can use to increase the effectiveness of their activities programmes. This paper examines the definitions of humour and laughter, the beneficial functions of humour, why the use of humour is important in diversional therapy practice and the applications of humour in practice. The paper aims to give diversional therapists background information about humour, highlight the many benefits of humour and give some practical ideas of how humour can be formally incorporated into their diversional therapy programmes. It is envisaged that this paper will increase diversional therapists knowledge of humour, encourage the use of formal humour programmes with clients and encourage diversional therapists to research the various ways of using humour in their practice. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Social isolation, loneliness & older people: Study of neighbour aid home visiting service

Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Social isolation, loneliness & older people: Study of neighbour aid home visiting service Boardman, Jayne The purpose of this research study is to investigate social isolation and loneliness and its impact it has on a person's well being. Social isolation and loneliness occurs in people of all ages but with older generation more vulnerable to its development. The emphasis of this study is placed upon social isolation and loneliness among older people who are receiving a Home and Community Care funded service called Neighbour Aid Home Visiting in the Parramatta Local Government of NSW. This service provides volunteer workers to visit housebound and isolated clients and provide them with companionship and practical assistance to alleviate some of the social isolation and loneliness they encounter. The service not only provided individuals with social companionship, but also offered a range of other benefits. These other benefits were ongoing learning/sharing of wisdom, empowerment and helping the participants to deal with loss and grief issues. These outcomes assisted the individuals to improve their social skills and develop self-esteem and ultimately to improve their quality of life. The results show the service was instrumental in alleviating social isolation and feelings of loneliness among the sample group. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Chinese-speaking women's experiences in the postnatal period in Australia: An exploratory study

Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT

Chinese-speaking women's experiences in the postnatal period in Australia: An exploratory study Chan, Anita In today's contemporary world, postnatal women of Chinese ancestry still adhere to the traditional health beliefs and practices of postnatal care. Chinese-speaking people refer to these health beliefs and practices as "Zuo Yuezi" which can be interpreted as "Sitting Out for the Month" or "Doing the Month". The purpose of this study was to explore Chinese women's postnatal experiences in Australia and to find out: (i) whether Chinese women pursue traditional Chinese beliefs and practices in the postnatal period; (ii) why they pursue them; and (iii) what factors facilitated and impeded their practices. Findings show that Chinese women still adhere to traditional postnatal practices to varying degrees after migration. They pursue these practices not only because of apparent physical health reasons, but also for psychosocial reasons. In addition, it was identified that the successful practices depend greatly on the health providers' interpretation of health, their attitudes and style of communication and the availability of support. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Chinese migrants’ perception of migration stress and coping methods

Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT

Chinese migrants’ perception of migration stress and coping methods Chung, Agnes An exploratory qualitative research was conducted on perceptions of stress among people in the Chinese community, especially new migrants and what they do about it. One question in this research was whether Chinese migrants are aware of and using the public services and, if so, do they find it useful? The selection of participants for this research included three key criteria: participants must be Chinese migrants to Australia, have lived in Australia for two years or less and be a bilingual speaker. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight respondents for 45 minutes to an hour. The interviews were conducted at a place chosen by the participant. Data analysis was qualitative. Each interview was summarised using a transcript file note taking approach. These transcript files were then condensed into case summaries. The case summaries were used to link the material presented in the transcript to conceptual themes and topics relevant to the research question asked. These conceptual themes related to migration stress, settlement problems and the solutions on solving such problems. Migration stress includes: societal, environmental, economic and bridging normative and catastrophic family stress. Settlement problems includes: uprooting period, culture shock, loss of familiar social support, change in economic status, role change and change in social status, lack of control, language problems, unemployment, parenting dilemmas, inter-generation communication gap and adapting to a new education system. Coping with such problems included support from family, relatives and friends. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Health promotion practices among the Iranians: Use of poetry in promotion

Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Health promotion practices among the Iranians: Use of poetry in promotion Norrie, Annabel The purpose of this paper is to study the use of poetry as a method of health promotion. The focus of this paper is placed on the use of poetry in health promotion in the Iranian community, as poetry is a very distinct method of communication used amongst the Iranian population. Poetry and prose has been viewed by many to facilitate communication and to deal with many emotions very effectively. This is how it is used within the Iranian community. Difficulties are often experienced when dealing with communities of different cultural backgrounds. When dealing with those of different cultural backgrounds the importance of the messages being culturally relevant can not be stressed highly enough. The following paper suggests why those non-members of the Iranian community may have difficulty promoting healthy practices among this community. It also stresses the importance to those involved in promoting positive health behaviours, general health practitioners and health workers, working with individuals and communities of different cultural backgrounds must be aware of the appropriate methods and practices required in their specific field. This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au

Indigenous Australia in media: A portrait of health

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Indigenous Australia in media: A portrait of health Williams, Llewellyn Joy The television media is a powerful tool in forming and influencing the general public on various issues and opinions. It has the potential to change and create a positive or negative effect on the peoples view of the world and the environment they live in. When positively viewed media can create an environment conducive to change. However, negative views will have the far reached outcomes unprecedented in many cases and time. The negative view can be a problem when the media, in particular television starts to create a negative portrayal of a particular group. The purpose of this Thesis is to investigate whether television reporting of Indigenous issues and peoples have an effect on their quality of life and in particular health. The methodology used in this Thesis is of a qualitative nature, which consisted of a series of interviews and literature reviews. The findings indicate that media, and in particular television have a negative view of Indigenous issues and portray the Indigenous people negatively. Such negative portrayals have adverse effects on the quality of life, in particular health, of Indigenous people and their communities. It is recommended that necessary Code of Practice to be developed by the relevant government agencies in partnership with the Indigenous communities, to make sure that the programmes are free from misused information on disadvantaged groups and in particular Indigenous peoples. Furthermore an Affirmative Action for employment of the Indigenous workers in media will go a long way to improve the current portrayals of the Indigenous Australians. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Aboriginal health workers: Role, recognition, racism and horizontal violence in the workplace

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Aboriginal health workers: Role, recognition, racism and horizontal violence in the workplace Winsor-Dahlstrom, Josephine The aim of this project is to explore the role of the Aboriginal Health Worker, their recognition as a legitimate profession and the current racism most will face in the current New South Wales Health System. The position of the Aboriginal Health Worker was introduced to improve the consultation process with Aboriginal people about their health. It was also introduced to address their specific cultural needs around health. Anecdotal reports from the field by various Aboriginal Health Workers show that these objectives have, in large, not been met. A preliminary review into the literature was conducted which includes important discussions and studies into the history and development of the Aboriginal Health Worker role. This review is not placed in a single chapter, but is strategically placed throughout the thesis to demonstrate the impact of this development and history upon the different issues of role, recognition, racism and horizontal violence. This project uses a qualitative approach using a descriptive study design. A sample of five selected participants of who were all ex-Aboriginal Health Workers joined the research project. The qualitative method of theme extraction was employed for data analysis which led to the emergence of themes which were grouped and compared to each other. The findings were contrasted with relevant literature in the field to fully understand the phenomenon under study and explore why objectives regarding Aboriginal Health Workers continue not to be met, despite Health Service Management rhetoric. The five ex-Aboriginal Health Workers were interviewed, in-depth, to provide information on the recognition, role and racism difficulties they faced at work. They were selected from five different Area Health Services so that the sample remains relatively heterogeneous. This ensures a record experiences from as wide a variety of work environments as possible in the sample. The interviews reveal a deep sense of shame and hurt experienced by the Aboriginal Health Workers caused by both their communities and their employers. The paper presents the story of the despair experienced by those interviewed and shows examples of promised recommendations to facilitate the future recognition and contribution of the Aboriginal Health Worker. Limitations of the methodology and implications for further study are also discussed. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Yengarrahween Narrloo: Developing an Aboriginal dispute resolution program for NSW

Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Yengarrahween Narrloo: Developing an Aboriginal dispute resolution program for NSW Marshall, Chrissiejoy Dispute Resolution has become an integral part of the legal system in Australia. However, disputes in Aboriginal communities regularly remain unresolved and often intensify to violence and injury. The literature review discusses the existing literature, reports and reviews on Aboriginal Dispute Resolution issues including Aboriginal perspectives and the effects of colonisation. It shows that Australian history has been based on racism and ethnocentrism and the impact of this on contemporary issues for Aboriginal people. It defines 'western' Dispute Resolution philosophy, the impracticality and inappropriateness of utilising 'western' Dispute Resolution programs for Aboriginal people without specific adaptation and modifications. The effects of language, specifically Standard English versus Aboriginal English, legalistic language and the consequences on communications for Aboriginal people. This research, is a qualitative study examining the outcomes and satisfaction levels of Aboriginal people who have experienced the Dispute Resolution process designed for Aboriginal people in WA and Qld. The rhetoric and realities of these programs are also debated. In examining these' two existing Aboriginal Dispute Resolution Programs and incorporating Unstructured Key Informant Interviews and Client Feedback Assessments of a narrative style, underpinned by Critical Social Theory, this research attempts to answer the question of whether such programs are useful in Aboriginal Dispute Resolution. In doing this, the thesis presents the reasons of "Why is there a necessity for a distinct and separate Dispute Resolution Program for NSW Aboriginal Communities?" Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Resistance: A process of survival for Balardong people

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Resistance: A process of survival for Balardong people Kickett, Tracey In writing this historical research, it is written from the perspective of a Balardong person. This in itself demonstrates that Balardong culture has been preserved. The historical chapters provide an insight into Balardong lived experience, changes to lifestyle and adaptations made. Whilst Balardong people have made many adaptations and changes to lifestyles, their culture and identity has been maintained. More importantly there is no 'right' or 'wrong' way in interpreting what is meant by culture and identity. As this is ultimately the responsibility of Balardong individuals. Balardong people are diverse in their views and behaviours. But nonetheless they are still Balardong. History shows that Balardong people have within the holistic cultural framework adapted to changes over the past two centuries. However, they have not lost sight of their cultural heritage. Whilst colonisation processes eroded some of the aspects of culture the remaining fragments have been reserved for future generations. At the same time cultural history despite losses have been remembered. This process is part of the sustaining and maintaining of Balardong culture and its heritage. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Aboriginal fathers / fathers' roles: Are they recognised in Australia's contemporary society?

Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Aboriginal fathers / fathers' roles: Are they recognised in Australia's contemporary society? Maslen, Phil This thesis is focused on fathers, in particular Indigenous fathers, in general with a view to establishing what literature currently identifies and recognises the role fathers play in Australian society today. This project will mainly be a literature review of this research. This literature review provides a comprehensive and credible body of evidence into the status of current Aboriginal fathers' roles and an overview of what it means to be and perform as a father. The review contrasts and compares past and present ideologies of fatherhood. After the presentation of this literature, the discussion will summarize the literature findings. This discussion will clarify the current state of Indigenous fatherhood, how their roles are perceived socially and what benefits fatherhood brings to the wellbeing of the family and society as a whole. It also provides some possible holistic solutions to current social dilemmas facing fathers so that they can be the best fathers they desire to be. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

A study of the relationship between Aboriginal living conditions and health

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

A study of the relationship between Aboriginal living conditions and health MacLachlan, Tara "In a real sense, all life is interrelated. All persons are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever effects one directly affects all indirectly. I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be, and you can never be what you ought to be until I am what I ought to be. This is the interrelated structure of reality." - Martin Luther King. The impact of poor housing on the health of Aboriginal people in particular and the relationship between health and housing in general is the subject of this paper. It is predominantly a review of literature that investigates these issues, providing results from research that implicate various aspects of the living environment to physical and mental health, documenting historic and prehistoric evidence of Aboriginal housing and lifestyles, and contrasting these with the post invasion situation, and noting specific reference to Aboriginal housing and its impact on health. A background narrative provides a personal account of work in Aboriginal communities in NSW over the duration of several healthhousing projects. The paper relates some of the changes in the housing and lifestyles of Aboriginal people in Australia since the arrival of European settlers. It also describes the changes in Aboriginal health status. The greed for land and resources and the racist and ethnocentric attitudes of the new arrivals is attributed with ensuring these changes were predominantly detrimental for Aboriginal people. Government policies informing housing and associated infrastructure provision often reflected and supported these attitudes. Poor quality, inappropriate or insufficient housing is considered to have largely been characteristic of the housing provision to Aboriginal people. The complexity of the issues precludes the advancement of any clear and general solution to address the current Aboriginal housing and health situation. However, an argument for community consultation, participation and empowerment, a consideration of the multi-causal factors in disease and the need to integrate service delivery mechanisms to enable a multi-disciplinary approach is advanced together with a consideration for the past and an appreciation for our shared human responsibility to uphold the rights of all people, including the right to a safe and healthy living environment. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Sexual abuse of female Aboriginal children: How do we approach the issue? How do we heal the damage caused by abuse?

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Sexual abuse of female Aboriginal children: How do we approach the issue? How do we heal the damage caused by abuse? Salvatori, Olwyn This thesis investigates theoretical bases and the therapeutic processes in healing Aboriginal child sexual abuse. Through a content analysis of the cross-cultural literature, key concepts are developed from which theoretical constructs are developed to answer research questions related to sexual abuse and the therapeutic healing process necessary to overcome it. Causes, indicators and outcomes of sexual abuse, are reviewed. Abusive situations in which Aboriginal children and adolescents are placed, are considered in the context of the psychological, social, and cultural dysfunction caused by culture contact and conflict over the past 200 years. Concepts such as dispossession, protectionism, assimilation, cultural pluralism and separate development are reviewed in setting the context for sexual abuse within dysfunctional families. Therapies in the context of Indigenous and Aboriginal societies and healing processes relevant to Aboriginal sexual abuse victims are explored and further research reviewed. Key concepts, propositional statements and theoretical constructs are developed and a therapeutic model is presented as a basis for health workers to address the causes of child sexual abuse within the Aboriginal social and cultural context. Code words include sexual and transgenerational abuse; Aboriginal art and creative arts therapy; therapeutic processes; cultural conflict; and Christianity. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Breast feeding in Australia: A comparative study of Aboriginal and non Aboriginal women

Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT

Breast feeding in Australia: A comparative study of Aboriginal and non Aboriginal women Glase, Kathryn The superiority of breast feeding over bottle feeding is universally acknowledged, and its crucial contribution to infant health is accepted by health authorities. Australia in recognition of the importance of breast feeding to infant health, aims to increase the prevalence of breast feeding. Breast feeding provides benefits for all children, however the health advantage that is gained by breast feeding in comparison to artificial feeding is more apparent among disadvantaged groups. Aboriginal Australians are identified as one such disadvantaged group. This study compares the available literature regarding the prevalence of breast feeding in Aboriginal and non Aboriginal women. It is apparent that breast feeding prevalence differs, between population groups within Australia. Aboriginal children are less likely to have been breast fed than non Aboriginal children. The comparison, indicates that there are deficiencies in the research regarding breast feeding prevalence in both population groups. Many factors affect a woman's decision to breast feed, and the duration of her breast feeding. These factors include, socioeconomic status, age, marital status, educational attainment, occupation and smoking status. These factors are clearly associated with breast feeding in non Aboriginal women. For Aboriginal women, the factors influencing breast feeding are more complex. It is recommended therefore, that it is essential for future research to examine the attitudinal and socialdeterminants of infant feeding practices in Aboriginal women. This is necessary, if educational or interventional strategies are to be effective for this population. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Towards a culturally relevant model for assisted accommodation services for homeless young Aboriginal women: A case for actualising one's potential or the continuing process of subjugation of peoples colonised?

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Towards a culturally relevant model for assisted accommodation services for homeless young Aboriginal women: A case for actualising one's potential or the continuing process of subjugation of peoples colonised? Salvatori, Betty The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of homeless young Aboriginal women and develop a culturally appropriate, therapeutic, service delivery model. This model could assist in the natural development of these girls as they journey through the rites of passage into womanhood if implemented in a nurturing, culturally sensitive and relevant environment. A qualitative content analysis methodological approach was used to examine major issues, identify key concepts and analyse these concepts in order to develop deductively, propositions from which organising constructs could be derived and a model developed. This model could then be tested inductively and in a quantitative way that allows best practices to be determined, in future research. The research indicated that although the majority of Supported Assisted Accommodation Program (SAAP) clients represent Aboriginal people, many Aboriginal people do not access the services for a host of reasons. These reasons include mistrust of welfare workers; a fear of abusive 'ardent lesbianism' in the running of the services; fear of racism; and cultural inappropriateness. In conclusion the research shows that a therapeutic model can be developed, which gives lowana the opportunity to learn to know, love and accept themselves; to be proud of their Aboriginality; to express their sensuality and sexuality in a confident, positive manner; and enhance integrity along with identity. The structure and process outlined in the model would be implemented in a culturally sensitive environment whereby the women would learn both Western and Aboriginal cultural applications where appropriate. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Family violence in Indigenous communities: What is the impact of domestic violence on Indigenous families?

Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Family violence in Indigenous communities: What is the impact of domestic violence on Indigenous families? Anders, Wendy Domestic violence is recognized as the most entrenched and pervasive form of violence in society today. It is also one of the most serious social problems facing our communities, with enormous costs both to individuals and to society. Male Violence against female partners is a widespread practice and recognition of this fact is occurring. Women are most at risk of murder inside their own homes: most female homicide victims die at the hands of their male partner, usually after a history of domestic violence. The impact of the violence results in psychological and physical trauma for many families. Violence is generally seen as a manifestation of patriarchal values of male supremacy involving factors such as ownership, of property, power and control, female subordination, and the institution of marriage and the family. Male violence relates to gender inequity. Thus it is a political issue. It is not only women who are traumatized by the violence. Children do not only observe their parents' conflict, there is increasing evidence that the abuse of children is endemic in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Barriers to attending rehabilitation treatment centres: A case of the Gumbaynnggir Nation

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Barriers to attending rehabilitation treatment centres: A case of the Gumbaynnggir Nation Craig, Reginald Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Centres, operated by mainstream community and government bodies or by Aboriginal groups, acknowledge that attendance by Aboriginal peoples has consistently been found to be low. This thesis is about examining what are the barriers and reasons for resistance by Gumbaynnggir people, to attendance at either non-Aboriginal mainstream or Aboriginal Rehabilitation Treatment Centres. Research was undertaken utilising a qualitative approach, incorporating content analysis of literature, and six in-depth interviews with Aboriginal people, both men and women, from the Gumbaynnggir Nation of Aboriginal peoples. (The selected region is also defined as Mid North Coast Health Service Northern Sector New South Wales). Interview data was analysed from both the content and narrative approaches. The criteria for interview participant selection specifically focused on Aboriginal participants who are currently experiencing or may have experienced alcohol and other drug problems. Consent for interview was gained not only from the University of Sydney Ethics Committee, but also from Elders of Gumbaynnggir Nation of Aboriginal Peoples. The research undertaken in this Thesis shows that several factors directly affect a persons decision as to whether they do participate in rehabilitation, programs, and the extent of their participation. The findings from both the Literature Review and the Interview transcripts have been represented together and detail a large range of identified barriers to attending treatment programs. The main findings related to issues of transport, cost of service, location, presence of non-Aboriginal staff, gender, family needs, cultural needs, cultural clash, and the need for community and family Elders to be involved in counseling and support. This research shows that service providers in the area of drug and alcohol rehabilitation need to take into consideration the identified needs of the community. Recommendations for future research and program needs are detailed. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Reconciliation: Resolution or rhetoric?

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Reconciliation: Resolution or rhetoric? Hanna, Penelope This research study explores and presents the different perspectives of the Australian reconciliation movement. It is to ascertain how the ideals proposed by the reconciliation process might have impact upon the health of Indigenous Australians. Specifically, this study asks: 1. What are the different perspectives on Reconciliation? 2. Can the different ideals proposed by the various advocates of the reconciliation movement have an impact upon the health of Indigenous Australians? The study argues that the Reconciliation Movement has failed to deliver the expected outcome. The establishment of the Reconciliation Movement has failed to deliver the expected social, economic and health gains for Indigenous Australians, and in fact these are strong evidence to suggest that the reconciliation movement itself has become a divisive tool. The many divergent perspectives on the goals and outcomes of the reconciliation movement are believed to be the primary source of such division. The consequences of such divisiveness have left its impact on the Indigenous Australian and non-Indigenous Australian health professionals working with and among the Indigenous Australian population. The methodology undertaken to investigate the different perspectives on reconciliation was an extensive literature search and the use of content analysis, which utilised sources such as journal articles, general texts, Ovid search, television documentaries and government publications. The main findings of this paper were the acknowledgement that the transfer of land to Indigenous Australians is fundamental to the reconciliation process. The current Australian government's goal of reconciliation on the other hand does not provide social justice and equity for Indigenous Australians, both prerequisites to any lasting reconciliation outcome. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

'It's just how you've been brought up!': An Aboriginal perspective on the relationship between the law, racism and mental health in N.S.W.

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

'It's just how you've been brought up!': An Aboriginal perspective on the relationship between the law, racism and mental health in N.S.W. Bolt, Reuben Aboriginal people are by far more, over represented in the judicial system than any other group of people in Australia. This is a growing problem as incarceration rates are on the rise. This thesis has looked to institutional racism as an explanation for this gross over representation. This thesis has attempted to show the relationship between institutional racism and individual racism. Furthermore, this thesis has looked at values that are embedded in Western society. The value systems from this Western society have been compared to the values systems of Aboriginal society to show that these societies have different understandings and different perceptions. This research study has adopted a qualitative approach as a methodology and six in-depth interviews were used to gain original data of the participants' perceptions on Institutional racism and incarceration. The participants were all from the Nowra, Shoalhaven Aboriginal community. A thematic analysis was adopted to extract the themes from the interviews. The findings proved to be important, as all of the participants felt that they had been affected by Institutional racism as well as racism. The findings of the study complemented the findings in the literature. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.

Sexual health for New South Wales Aboriginal people: A literature review

Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT

Sexual health for New South Wales Aboriginal people: A literature review Haining, Anna During the past 16 years I have worked in the area of needle and syringe programs 'harm minimisation' and sexual health strategies, targeting different populations of injecting drug users in the Canterbury and Redfern area. My expertise in the field was delivering safe sex education and safe using practices to people who were at risk of HIV or sexually transmitted infections due to their using or sexual choices. Because of the nature of their using, it was not appropriate to provide extensive safe sex and safe using education, as contact with clients was usually less than 5 minutes. In this situation, each worker had to develop short and precise safe sex messages to this population while they were virtually walking out the door. Sexual health for me is such an important part of peoples' lives no matter who they are or what they do, but, there is also a down side in this area of health as many individuals have, in the past experienced many barriers and stigmatization that has influenced them in accessing sexual health services. These barriers and stigmatization from health professionals include inappropriate comments and cultural ignorance towards Aboriginal people. During the first year of my employment as a sexual health worker, women from the local communities contacted me to discuss their concerns about the limited education that families have on sexual health. The women expressed the need and importance of having Aboriginal men and women's sexual health clinics in the area that would provide clinical, education and support to community, as there was a growing concern of young girls falling pregnant and dropping out of school. In addition, the women spoke about their past (usually, not very good) experiences in attending health clinics, and identified what they saw as the main barriers which disabled them from attending sexual health clinics. These were: lack of transport to Sexual Health Services; little cultural acceptance of Sexual Health Services; Aboriginal Workers in the service; lack of availability of culturally appropriate resources, such as men and women's business being separated; and the community's lack of awareness of sexually transmitted infections. Three important themes emerged from these talks: the need for indigenous Sexual Health clinics, male and female, in a Primary Health setting that take into account the diversity of Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander's culture and protocols; the need for an increase of Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander Health Workers in Primary Health Care settings; and Holistic Health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. Central Sydney Area Sexual Health Service has now taken positive steps towards establishing culturally effective and efficient sexual health clinics for Aboriginal men and women. Funding has been approved and these clinics will commence in 2004. Thus, the choice of this topic for my literature review is a timely one. Undertaking this literature review will provide information that identifies the scope of Aboriginal sexual health issues and, in a broader sense, identifies those issues of main concern - all of which may help inform the establishment of culturally appropriate sexual health programs/projects in CSAHS. Identifying key concerns and recommendations that relate to Aboriginal sexual health will provide an appropriate framework for the formulation of a set of principles that may guide the sexual health planning, development and implementation of sexual health projects/programs in the Central Sydney Area Health Service. in addition, Central Sydney Sexual Health Services in partnership with the Aboriginal Health Service, Redfern are currently developing an Aboriginal Sexual Health Strategy for future men and women's sexual health clinics in this area. In summary, this chapter provides an overview of the future direction of the Central Sydney Area Sexual Health Services and how the findings of this thesis will help to provide a more supportive pathway to the establishing of Aboriginal men and women's sexual health clinics in the local communities. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are advised that this material may contain references to or images of people who have died.