http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6195 2013-05-20T08:04:30Z 2013-05-20T08:04:30Z Wills, Tarrin Clunies Ross, Margaret http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6235 2010-06-09T12:30:11Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Norse-Icelandic Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages - an electronic edition Authors: Wills, Tarrin; Clunies Ross, Margaret Abstract: This presentation aims to describe an international project to edit the corpus of Old Norse-Icelandic skaldic poetry and to outline some issues related to electronic aspects of the project, both in its organisation and in its publication. Prof. Clunies Ross will outline the nature of the project and the place of the electronic edition. Tarrin Wills will present information relating to the electronic encoding of the corpus. This will include explanation and discussion of issues related to the collation of electronic facsimiles of the manuscripts and the encoding of skaldic verse, in particular, the encoding of the native poetic devices known as 'kenningar' and 'heiti'.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Tiffin, Chris http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6234 2010-06-09T12:30:11Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Issues in Electronic Scholarly Editions Authors: Tiffin, Chris Abstract: Electronic texts and the Internet have been variously credited with inducing a revolution as great as that of moveable type in the fifteenth century, a new form of democracy and egalitarianism, and a cognitive liberation from the constraints of linear reading and writing. At the same time they have led users into some unexpected pitfalls: incompatible platforms, limiting and eventually abandoned proprietary systems, and orphaned storage formats. The increasing strength of standardizing movements including meta-markup schemes offers a way forward, although even their deliberately open systems are in recurrent danger of being reinscribed in proprietary formats. A subset of electronic publishing is concerned with the storage, circulation and display of significant existing texts which often have complex publishing histories. The electronic mode offers rich possibilities for the presentation of these texts and in doing so throws light on ways in which texts exist and are used. The complexity of the TEI DTD, for example, shows how much information about a text and its history can be deemed to be important and therefore necessary to record. Perhaps as important as the preservation and display of electronic texts is the facility with which they can be analyzed and manipulated. This manipulability contains its own problems, however, especially that of maintaining the integrity of a text which may have been prepared with great care and exactitude. The JITM system, which my colleagues will describe, safeguards the integrity of the edited text while providing high levels of manipulability and collaborative access.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Turnbull, Paul http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6233 2010-06-09T12:30:11Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Engaging with Historical Complexity in the Virtual Environment: The South Seas Project. Authors: Turnbull, Paul

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Thieberger, Nick http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6232 2010-06-09T12:30:10Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: As we may link: time-aligned concordances of field recordings. A working model Authors: Thieberger, Nick Abstract: It should be easy to link text and audio and retrieve audio based on the textual representation or transcript. The potential has been there for some time (since digitised sound) and is realised in several ways by currently available software tools. However, none of the current solutions allows you to simply amass your field tapes and produce a text-based interface to them so that you can click on a sentence anywhere in your transcript and hear it. Further, having established such links, it would make sense to be able to have a concordance of the transcripts, providing a live link between the concordance and the text/audio. In this demonstration we will see an implementation for my linguistic data of the concordance/ text/ audio linkage based on output from LACITO's SoundIndex and using HyperCard as the modeling tool.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Russell, Keith Meany, Michael http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6231 2010-06-09T12:30:10Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Cultural Spiral: Virtual Spaces as Records of Time Authors: Russell, Keith; Meany, Michael Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of VRML technologies as foundational tools in the exploration of real and virtual cultural times and places. VRML allows for the 3D presentation of objects in space and of space as defined by objects. Starting from a specific cultural focus, such as a public work of art, VRML enables the perception of pathways to the focus. Situating the object then allows for the situating environment to be included, within the circularity of a VRML movie. By adding hot spots to the VRML, the viewer is then able to break out of the fixed circularity of the panovision, into the enlarged world. Within this enlarged world, information is able to retain its connectedness with the fundamental experience of the object in its environment. Information is also allowed to claim its own particular shape. That is, through varieties of documentation, including detailed views, historical documents etc. the viewer is able to encounter a variety of cultural foci. VRML can enable new kinds of texts and inter-texts. Current work, on a VRML project, using Throsby Creek, Newcastle as the site, illustrates the advantages of VRML as a foundational technology in opening up new kinds of understanding about the ways that we "read" and "write" the world.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Robertson, Alan http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6230 2010-06-09T12:30:08Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A rhetoric of e|mediated (typo)graphicacy Authors: Robertson, Alan Abstract: This paper will discuss the distinctions between e|mediated and print (typo)graphic design by which its role might be reconsidered as significantly authorial, not merely formal or technical. Reproducing meaning on-screen alters conventions and assumptions which traditionally inform print-designers' attitudes to visual organisation. Not least amongst these is the increased visual significance of wayfinding requirements. Yet comfortable assumptions about (typo)graphic design as cultural producer must also change. As an ideological, elitist tool of consumerist persuasion it is not a rigorous discipline of public service. Yet ironically, not only does it exemplify the five arts of ancient rhetoric, the communicative action of the public sphere so central to democratic participation (supplanted by the rationalist abstractions of elitist philosophic discourses), but it also stands uniquely capable of addressing the paradoxical 'fissure' at the heart of contemporary rhetorical practice: the " division of the logos into form and content" (Hariman 227). Emedia enables virtually infinite and free publication, yet within technical constraints which engender possibilities for a radically analytic deconstruction of the conventional form of discursive codex-textuality. Through both static and dynamic juxtapositioning by which oscillation between formality and function may be visually instantiated it is possible to use (typo)graphic designing as a hermeneutic tool to make explicit the 'designing' consciousness behind all literacy, yet which is not normally explicit in writing. In a society saturated with remediation e|media may enable a radical, even humanistic rhetoric of (typo)graphicality.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Patrick, Jon Palko, Dusan Khan, Asiz http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6229 2010-06-08T12:30:35Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Inductive Inference of Structure in Text Streams Authors: Patrick, Jon; Palko, Dusan; Khan, Asiz Abstract: Text can be thought of as a data stream that has embedded in it a variety of structural elements that indicate semantic changes in content. One of the simpler examples of this is a dictionary. We work from the general principles of inductive inference and use automata theory to model a text data stream. From this principle an Intelligent Self-Learning Parser-editor for inferencing the structure in the text, verifying it for accuracy and automating error correction is feasible. A good case study to test the quality of the solution is the conversion of dictionaries in text format into a database format. This is not necessarily a straightforward task as the data is noisy to some extent due to typographic errors, and inconsistent structure across dictionary entries. As well information for attribute demarcation is most often implied by changes in text formats and not by explicit symbols. In this project the aim has been to build a parser-editor that can be trained to identify the structure of dictionary entries and then learn from examples to parse unseen entries. The software has to be able to cope with erroneous data, missing data and irregularly formatted data and intelligently prompt a user to intervene in the parsing process as well as allow and record irregular structures. The technique has been used to convert a Basque-English bilingual dictionary from Word processing files into XML files.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Meany, Michael Russell, Keith http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6228 2010-06-08T12:30:38Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Merewether Baths Will Never Look The Same Again Authors: Meany, Michael; Russell, Keith Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of literary texts on our understandings of place and the impact of VRML technologies on the interpretation of the real place and the virtual place made available through a text The Australian author, Marion Halligan, frequently locates her work in the real world of Newcastle. In the case of her work, Lovers' Knots, the public ocean baths at Merewether, Newcastle, feature. The impact of the creative writer's imaginative account of this space suggests the possibilities of complementing the textual account through VRML techniques, and constructing further virtual VRML texts that offer to structure the real and virtual in a tension. The real baths are positive (filled up with reality), the textual baths are negative (inherently abstract waiting for imaginative filling), and the VRML baths are somewhere between or in tension between the real and the imaginary. Through the construction of a VRML account of the Merewether baths it is anticipated that traditional and new textual possibilities will be made evident.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Patrick, Jon Balnaves, Edmund Kam, Terence Ler, Daren Yeates, Timothy http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6227 2010-06-08T12:30:35Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A Case Study of Workflow and Version Control for Regeneration of Multimedia Systems Authors: Patrick, Jon; Balnaves, Edmund; Kam, Terence; Ler, Daren; Yeates, Timothy Abstract: The technologies involved in the creation of multimedia content are still in evolution. One-off generation of systems is well-developed as a process and often follows the model of making a film. Many modern applications are more complicated than film productions processes in that they must be regenerated time and time again, as a repeated production process, often by passing the materials through computational processes, and as well, they must be supplied in forms suitable for a variety of delivery media, such as books, web page or CD-ROM run-time systems. To create efficiencies in the production process of revisable multi-media systems it is necessary to define processes for the management of content, control of content revision, and regeneration with workflow control of these processes. A model for managing the regeneration of Multimedia Run-time Systems (MRS) is presented here as consisting of a revision control strategy for managing primary resources. Regeneration processes are required that move data from one process to the next incorporating derived resources on the way, and ultimately producing run-time resources. As well, workflow control process to regulate and maintain the integrity of the regeneration process is needed. A case study of one approach to tackling these problems which uses reference materials for second language learning is presented. This MRS, known as the English to Basque Learning Environment (EBLE), consists of a reference library of three books and concomitant sound files for second language learning of Basque. The books are a grammar book and two dictionaries which had to be welded together seamlessly for a run-time system but each is preserved seperately and managed as independent documents for maintenance and revision. As well, the examples of Basque and English in the grammar book are recorded by native speakers and the sound files linked into the software environment with immediate access to the user. A model for managing Multimedia Run-time Systems (MRS) is presented as consisting of a revision control strategy for managing primary resources; regeneration processes that move data from one process to the next incorporating derivative resources on the way, and ultimately producing run-time resources; and a workflow control process to regulate and maintain the integrity of the regeneration processes.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Mckay, Dana Cunningham, Sally Jo http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6226 2010-06-08T12:30:38Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Automatic extraction of dates from historical documents Authors: Mckay, Dana; Cunningham, Sally Jo Abstract: The essential quality of information in a digital library is accessibility. Full text search is not enough for some collections, more can be done. Historical collections, for example, contain dates and it would be useful to historians to be able to search by them. However, these dates may occur anywhere within the text of historical documents, and to be searchd they must be extracted from the documents and integrated into the collection index. Doing this manually is very expensive, and described here is a system to do it automatically. This system was implemented within the Greenstone framework used by the New Zealand Digital Library, and involved the use of some carefully designed heuristics.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z McCarthy, Gavan Evans, Joanne http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6225 2010-06-08T12:30:34Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Open Resource Scholarly Network: a new era for historians, archivists and technologists Authors: McCarthy, Gavan; Evans, Joanne Abstract: Since 1985 the staff of the Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre (Austehc) have been collecting and disseminating information about the history of Australian science, technology and medicine including data about archival resources on the presumption that scholarly practice, including the creation of new knowledge, was based on free access to, and the citability of, existing knowledge. The advent of electronic network technologies has enable us to realise our goals in ways that were not even dreams in the earlier environment. However, not all players in the scholarly information and publishing realms have responded in the same way. Despite these new technologies, which should be making resources much more readily accessible, many valuable resources are locked up (discoverable perhaps but uncitable) behind closed database walls or are available only on a user pays basis. In many cases these resources were previously available freely through research libraries. Austehc has spent the last few years developing database driven Web publishing tools to support an open resource scholarly electronic network. These tools are being offered to the community at no cost, under the open source philosophy, if they are used for public good and education purposes. These tools, the "Online Heritage Resource Manager" (OHRM) and the "Web Academic Resource Publisher" (WARP) will be presented to this meeting.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Long, Andrew Stawowczyk http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6224 2010-06-08T12:30:34Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Now they know my name: creating a digital presence for Barton Authors: Long, Andrew Stawowczyk Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dilemmas encountered in developing a body of digital content for online use, and some implications for managing the resulting collections of content existing as both unique originals and universally accessible copies. The starting point for the paper is the experience of the National Library of Australia in digitising the papers of Australia's first Prime Minister, Sir Edmund Barton. While the collection was already available in surrogate form on microfilm, the Library decided to create a new full colour digital copy aimed at capturing and making accessible a range of "experience" information missing from the microfilm. This project raised key questions regarding the kind of material likely to be chosen for digital access, the right to make it available, the objectives being served and how they are reflected in decisions through the project, how far to go in building links with other content, and the relationship between the paper originals and the digital copies both as information objects and as "heritage" objects. The National Library is testing its learning from this project on a program that will make very significant portions of its special Australiana collections available for online use and research over the next decade. In summary, the paper concludes that the capture of important digital content must be guided by clear-headed decisions about purposes. Given the costs of high-end digitisation - not just in financial terms - maintaining long term accessibility and ensuring the ongoing integrity of the original and its digital representations, must be high priorities for conscious, dedicated planning.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Kenna, Margaret http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6223 2010-06-08T12:30:37Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A virtual reading room: researcher access to digital documents Authors: Kenna, Margaret Abstract: The National Archives collection comprises some 300 kilometres of records. The issue that challenges the Archives is how to promote wider accessibility and use of this vast and wonderful archival resource. The challenge is complicated by many factors including: the sheer size of the collection the value and unique nature and in some cases the fragility of the records a widely distributed population which precludes direct access to the collection Over the past year the National Archives has undertaken a project to examine ways of using digital technology to make the most appropriate parts of the collection available to distance researchers. We therefore sought to replicate the reading room experience through the Archives' website by seeking methods to digitise and publish to the web, images of paper material. The methods used and the supporting programs developed for the Archives' digitising program are unique and predicated on a need to make large volumes of records accessible quickly and cheaply. This is not a preservation method and therefore the images can be captured at a relatively low screen resolution that can be read easily and result in legible printouts. Since January 2001 digitised records have been progressively attached to the Archives' database RecordSearch. The Reference Service traditionally provided by the Archives to researchers is developing into an on-line service as researchers increasingly submit their requests electronically. In this environment the response is provided as a digital image, attached to a RecordSearch entry on the National Archives' website (www.naa.gov.au). The Archives is moving inevitably towards the virtual reading room.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Luxon, Thomas http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6222 2010-06-08T12:30:34Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Thomas Luxon:The Milton Reading Room A Web-based Edition of Milton's Poetry and Prose In a Virtual Library Environment Authors: Luxon, Thomas Abstract: The core idea for The Milton Reading Room is really quite simple: a scholarly teaching edition of John Milton's poetry and prose freed from most of the constraints imposed by print technology and generously linked to the growing resources of the world-wide web as if surrounded by a virtual library. Annotations appear in a scrolling field so that they can be as detailed and as frequent as the editor likes without unduly interrupting the text. Users who wish may even close the scrolling field altogether and enjoy the poetry without annotations. Wherever possible, annotations that cite other authors, texts, and research resources supply direct links to those resources, opening a new window alongside the text. Resources outside of the site include library catalogs, the OED online, web-based indexes, encyclopedias, full-text editions, image databases, and bibliographies. Because the edition "lives" on the world wide web, the text and annotations can be surrounded, as it were, by a virtual library. The bibliography and annotations offer links to other valuable web resources. The edition connects easily and conveniently to course syllabi and other course materials. A complex search engine soon will enable scholars to search the entire edition, or its constituent parts quickly and easily. A threaded discussion center soon will offer scholars and students around the world a chance to discuss Milton's work, their teaching, their projects. They can also contribute to the site's information, annotations, and links. The Milton Reading Room is pioneering the use of web-based editions for scholars and teachers. It is the only such edition of any writer that makes use of the web as a virtual library for study and basic literary research. I would like to demonstrate the site at Computing Arts 2001 conference and then stimulate discussion about its use in teaching and collaborative scholarship, as well as ideas for future development. Please review the site at www.dartmouth.edu/~milton

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Joseph, Frances http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6221 2010-06-08T12:30:33Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Objects and Contexts: Using relational image database construction and functionality to enhance the teaching and research of design history Authors: Joseph, Frances Abstract: The development of richly indexed relational image databases provides a system for organising material, and a tool for correlating and interrogating image collections and accumulated contextual information. Many galleries, libraries and museums build digital resources to preserve, manage and give wider access to image collections. While much has been written about the technical and procedural aspects of such projects, the impact of these systems in aiding the development of research, teaching and scholarship is seldom considered. Digital resources are not just procedural artefacts ? they are not mere technological products. They are cognitive artefacts and the relationship between the way they are constructed and how they are used and understood is implicit. The structural principals of relationship, of one to one, one to many and many to many, are the basis of relational data models. The potential complexity of relationships, and layers of relationships, between bodies of information within a database system presents the possibility of mapping and exploring areas of knowledge, rather than merely collecting and presenting information. Contemporary historians have questioned single readings, or the construction of a grand narrative in writing about the past. The digital medium tends to reinforce multiple points of view, and the consideration of an object within a complex contextual framework. Within this paper these issues are considered in relation to the development of the New Zealand Design Archive, which is a virtual collection presenting the history of design in everyday life. Within New Zealand the lack of recognition and access to local design material has tended to reinforce approaches to the teaching of design that stress modernist canons of 'good design' and to ignore the value, particularity and influence of local histories and contexts. Addressing this historic oversight regarding local material is allowing the NZDA to build a more flexible and relevant model that might be of interest to other design historians and digital archivists. On one level the NZDA digital archiving projects might be seen as practical solutions to making ephemeral and dispersed material available for study in facsimile version via digital media. However, the information presented in virtual archives goes beyond mere reproduction, as the process of rich indexing and image analysis presents the viewer with different information than they would get from looking at the original in a museum or gallery display or even from a book. The methodology of indexing encourages students to engage in a deep and rigorous analysis of the designed object and its material and social context. My own interest in these issues is not whether actual is better than virtual or vice versa, but in the ways information is presented, interpreted and structured through digital media, and how these processes can lead to different interpretations and understanding of design, its history and the material culture of everyday life.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Keegan, Te Taka http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6220 2010-06-08T12:30:35Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Breaking the Browsing Barrier for Historic Searching of Newspaper Texts Authors: Keegan, Te Taka Abstract: Traditionally, to find information in a newspaper collection it has been necessary to painstakingly browse through the individual issues hoping that relevant words will catch your eye. Researchers of New Zealand's encounter history received a boost when in 1996 the Alexander Turnbull library produced a collection on microfiche totalling almost 18,000 pages and covering a printing period from 1842 to 1933. While having all the newspapers in a single collection was a large step forward, browsing or searching for information in this microfiche collection was still time consuming. By incorporating the collection into a digital library with an Internet interface, and by enabling full-text search, we have broken this browsing barrier. Making the information available this way is even more significant as the majority of the collection is written in the Maori language; we have created a Maori language resource that is sorely needed by education institutes, and one that provides quick and accurate access to the previously obscure source. The process involved in developing this unique digital library collection, the advantages of traditional newspaper stored in this medium, and the possibilities that we intend to investigate in the future, will be discussed in this paper.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Jessee, Chris http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6219 2010-06-08T12:30:33Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Flash GIS: Delivering Geographic Information on the Internet Authors: Jessee, Chris Abstract: Delivering geographic information on the Internet is a great challenge for the humanities researcher. The level of interactivity and functionality required for the visualization of complex relationships, typical of humanities research, is beyond the capability of current GIS-to-web solutions. Combining the high quality vector display of the popular Flash Player plug-in with the speedy PostgreSQL database, IATH has developed a technique for delivering, interactive, animated, geographic information on the Internet. The Flash plug-in is intended as a display engine for advertising and cartoon animation. Our use of Flash as a thin client for delivering geographic data is innovative and unique. The Flash GIS system is broad and general in function and is applicable to a range of humanities data visualization problems. In order for Flash GIS to move beyond its current, proof-of-concept state and become production ready, support will be required from Macromedia and the GIS software community. Without software companies' cooperation, the humanities community will need to look to other emerging vector display technologies for a robust and scaleable solution.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Horn, Anne Fagg, Michael http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6218 2010-06-08T12:30:33Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: From Lunchroom to Boardroom: An Audio Digitisation Project Authors: Horn, Anne; Fagg, Michael Abstract: The University of Queensland Cybrary in partnership with the Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC), has created a searchable, web based digital oral history resource, based on a collection of stories of women involved in the Queensland Labor movement. A Trades and Labour Council of Queensland oral history collection was used to develop a framework for retrieval of audio materials on the web. A system for linking digitized media files to indexes created from transcripts (Meggie) has been developed. This allows the media file itself to be searched via key words. A trial was conducted and work is now proceeding on completing the collection. The final product will be made available via the Library's web site. The process followed, the choices made, the problems overcome, and the results achieved, will be outlined.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Hansen, Silvia Teich, Elke http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6217 2010-06-08T12:30:33Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Towards an integrated representation of multiple layers of linguistic annotation in multilingual corpora Authors: Hansen, Silvia; Teich, Elke Abstract: In the proposed talk we discuss the application of a set of computational text analysis techniques for the analysis of the linguistic features of translations. The goal of this analysis is to test two hypotheses about the specific properties of translations: Baker's hypothesis of normalization (Baker, 1995) and Toury's law of interference (Toury, 1995). The corpus we analyze consists of English and German original texts and translations of those texts into German and English, respectively. The analysis task is complex in a number of respects. First, a multi-level analysis (clause, phrases, words) has to be carried out; second, among the linguistic features selected for analysis are some rather abstract ones, ranging from functional-grammatical features, e.g., Subject, Adverbial of Time, etc, to semantic features, e.g., semantic roles, such as Agent, Goal, Locative, etc.; third, monolingual and contrastive analyses are involved. This places certain requirements on the computational techniques to be employed both regarding corpus encoding, linguistic annotation and information extraction. We show how a combination of commonly available techniques can fulfill these requirements to a large degree and point out their limitations for application to the research questions raised. These techniques range from document encoding (TEI, XML) over automatic corpus annotation (notably part-of-speech tagging; Brants, 2000) and semi-automatic annotation (O'Donnell, 1995) to query systems as implemented in e.g., the IMS Corpus Workbench (Christ, 1994), the MATE system (Mengel & Lezius, 2000) and the Gsearch system (Keller et al., 1999).

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Hansen, Anne Mette http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6216 2010-06-08T12:30:33Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Private devotional literature in the 16th century: The digitisation of Danish prayer books in The Arnamagn�an Collection (Copenhagen) and in The Library of Karen Brahe (Odense) Authors: Hansen, Anne Mette Abstract: This is the working title of a PhD project funded by the Danish Research Council for the Humanities. The project concerns the digitisation of Danish literature and scholarly editing and aims to lay the methodological and practical groundwork for electronic scholarly texts and editions of Danish literature from before 1900. The texts chosen are a representation of private prayer books from the period of the Reformation in Denmark. Most of the Danish medieval prayer books have appeared in traditional critical book editions, which means that parts of the primary texts have to be pulled out of an apparatus. The post-medieval prayer books which were often written by women who were not professional scribes have never been edited, and until now have only been accessible to a very small scholarly community. But they deserve better. The textual history of the books needs to be told. How were they used and by whom? Viewed as whole books and not only as textual but also as historical witnesses, the prayer books can throw the light on the private religious practice of 16th-century women. The texts are encoded according to the SGML/XML-standard on the basis of the guidelines and the mechanisms for the encoding of primary textual sources developed by the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), the MASTER project (Manuscript Access through Standards for Electronic Records) and the research project on Danish ballads from 1550-1700 (Dansk Folkevisekultur 1550-1700) based at the University of Copenhagen. The idea is to give a modern audience, both scholarly and popular, access to the prayer books in various forms: a manuscript (diplomatic) version, a normalized version and an image version representing the iconography of the prayer books and showing how the texts actually appear on the manuscript pages. Thus a mult level text representation will be adopted. The source level contains the original word forms. Abbreviations, scribal omissions, corrections and textual lacunae are tagged. This graphic mark-up of the source level is preservative to the physical information of the texts. The orthographically regularised level contains the regularised forms corresponding to the source words. A regularised representation is necessary in order to search for different instances of a word in the texts, since the orthographic variation in the manuscripts is great. The rather conservative orthography of modern Danish is used as the basis for this regularisation. The last level contains the lemmas of the source words supplied by the relevant word class and in cases of homographs a distinguishing discriminator. From this level it is possible to generate a dictionary. In addition to this multi-level text markup, metadata about the texts will be recorded. The textual hierarchical structure of the prayer books is encoded, and each individual prayer is provided with text-specific markup, typological in order to record the different genres of prayers, and structural in order to show the composition of the prayer. The opening or closing rubrics, a possible genre of their own, are treated in the structural markup. Finally a limited part of each payer book contains the markup on a stylistic level consisting of a topological (syntactic), figurative and, in the cases of prayers in verse, a metrical markup. Codicological and bibliographical descriptions of the manuscripts in accordance to a formal standard (MASTER) are included. The possibilities of new philological and interactive electronic editions are exciting, and give the users an opportunity to explore the text and the images and act as editors themselves establishing their own text.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Hall, Steve http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6215 2010-06-08T12:30:32Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: From The English Poetry Full-Text Database to seven flavours of Literature Online: ten years of digital publishing in the humanities at Chadwyck-Healey, 1991-2001, and a look into the next ten. Authors: Hall, Steve Abstract: Chadwyck-Healey have been at the forefront in creating electronic research and teaching tools for humanities academics, scholars and students around the world for over 10 years. Not surprising during that time research and teaching requirements, the legal environment, technology and user expectations have changed dramatically. Through sharing our experience of creating and publishing digital resources I will explore how many of the key issues influencing the creation and publishing of these resources have evolved during that time and take a look at the what the future may hold. I will specifically explore the issues and decisions that were taken in project/collection selection, rights acquisition, digital content creation, aggregation & integration of content, delivery platforms, customer expectations & usage and commercial models from both an editorial and commercial perspective. The presentation will draw heavily on comparisons between a 1992 landmark Chadwyck-Healey project English Poetry on CD-Rom and our new British History Online, publishing in June 2001.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Goggin, Gerard Barbour, Judith http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6214 2010-06-08T12:30:37Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: "Getting a Life": a collaborative project in the digitisation of the Mary Shelley manuscript biography of William Godwin Authors: Goggin, Gerard; Barbour, Judith Abstract: In 2001 a research and editorial project at the Department of English and Fisher Library SETIS at the University of Sydney is approaching completion. This collaborative project, funded in 1992 and in 2000 by ARC Small Grants, is an electronic edition from the manuscripts in the Abinger Collection of Shelley-Godwin papers deposited at the Bodleian Library , Oxford, of Mary Shelley's 'Life of William Godwin', a biography of her late father written between 1836 and 1840, and never published. Only the nucleus of Abinger manuscripts labelled 'Mary Shelley', 'William Godwin', or 'Miscellaneous', is in Mary Shelley's holograph, or in that of her collaborator and stepmother, Mary Jane Godwin. This indicates (a) Shelley's biographical technique of collage, borrowed by her with due acknowledgments, from Hazlitt's Memoirs of Thomas Holcroft (1816), which gives the man and author Holcroft "in his own words" and in those of his contemporaries, as far as possible; and (b) the vicissitudes of the Shelley-Godwin papers since Mary Shelley's death in 1851. Letters and documents in Godwin's and other hands, copied and quoted by Mary Shelley in her holograph script, or attached to it by pins, have at some past time been removed to other Bodleian folders, often with original signatures cut off, and what the material wanderings of sheets of paper began, prevailing Victorian notions of censorship compounded. In successive visits to Oxford from 1992 to 1998 Dr Judith Barbour transcribed the Bodleian manuscripts and from 1992 to 1995, Dr Clara Tuite, then a research assistant to the project, transcribed microfilm reels in the Duke University, Durham N.C. collection of Abinger Shelley-Godwin MSS. Until 1995, ongoing negotiations with Oxford University Press envisaged publishing a hardback printed edition of the wordprocessor script but (as the characteristics of Mary Shelley's 'Life of Godwin' outlined in our first paragraph will readily confirm) print publication of such an informal and layered text proved "uncommercial". The establishment of Fisher Library's SETIS, with its expertise in research, digital coding and scholarly editing, offered to resolve these editorial and publication difficulties at one hit. The wordprocessor script had presented the text page by manuscript page, indicating Bodleian shelf-number in the Abinger Shelley-Godwin MS archive, and distinguishing Mary Shelley's holograph, autograph, marginalia, and numbering systems typographically, while the endnotes contained a conventional set of reference information and bibliographical data, as for a printed edition. In 2001 the editorial team proceeded to the systematic coding of data, watermarks, paper types, handwritings, reel and shelf numbers, page numbers and numbered page sequences, cancellations, interpolations, marginalia, Bodleian rubrics and cataloguing. In this culminating phase of our project, Judith Barbour, Creagh Cole, Margaret Harris, and Clara Tuite have invited Gerard Goggin to present our project to the September Conference of "Computing Arts".

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Fenton, Katherine http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6213 2010-06-08T12:30:32Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Electronic Explication Authors: Fenton, Katherine Abstract: The explication de texte, or commentary, has a distinguished record in the history of French education. It originated in biblical exegesis; by the seventeenth century it became a fundamental component in classical training at the Port Royal where the practice was for a master to "marquer" the text with different signs representing ideas, sentences, words or phrases for comment. It was systematised by educational dogmatists who dominated the Académie Française in the first half of the twentieth century and it became a focus of the pre-68 intellectual crisis, when it was increasingly subject to suspicion and challenge. It remains one of the principal methods of studying the works of French authors and testing student competence in textual appreciation in Britain and France alike. With its requirement for different orders of commentary on context, culture, form and content, structure and lexis, meaning and mise-en-scène amongst other considerations, it is clear that this classic exercise may benefit from recent developments in electronic publishing, particularly those relating to the electronic critical edition such as XML, XSLT and the TEI Guidelines. Electronic editions of texts with associated materials are excellent aids to the preparation of the traditional explication de texte. The study of old texts requires easy access to associated materials so that as well as the literary, linguistic and dramatic aspects, the social and political changes are also understood. Much work is currently being carried out by scholars to collate the disparate data that is available so that new insights into the text can be gained. But how can computer-based tools be of benefit to the undergraduate who has yet to gain a basic background knowledge of the texts, especially texts which present linguistic barriers? Two different websites have been designed by the authors of this paper specifically with the explication in mind. One is Hypert(ex)te/plications which provides information relating to seventeenth-century theatre studies: it contains the base texts of several plays by Corneille, Molière and Racine with commentaries by staff and students on selected extracts, as well as associated background materials that the students can refer to in a user-centred hypertext fashion. The other site, MedFrench, a prototype xml version of a DOS program created at the University of Hull which contains eight medieval French poetry together with "pearls of wisdom" about the history, culture, and language. It contains detailed sentence structure analysis and every word is annotated with its part-of-speech data, its modern French equivalent and its old French stem. The web version has been designed specifically with the idea of guiding the reader through the materials in a linear way. Can the new methods of digitisation and electronic publishing allow for a new style of explication? Could the process if creating an electronic edition constitute a form of explication as well? The idea of students creating their own electronic editions is not new. Programs such as the Poetry Shell provided a friendly interface and easy to learn tools for the students to add their own textual and graphic materials. But these programs shielded the students from grappling with some important issues relating to encoding and the ontology of text. By marking up a text, the original practices of explication de texte as experienced by Racine himself at Port-Royal are revived. But now the student is empowered to guide the master rather than simply follow his example.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Hood, David http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6212 2010-06-08T12:30:32Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Imaginary Knitting. Historical record linkage in the Caversham project Authors: Hood, David Abstract: The Caversham Project began 20 years ago to study the Caversham region of Dunedin, New Zealand, using systematic methods and comparative analysis. It is the largest project in social history or historical sociology in Australia or New Zealand, and one of the largest in the world. The databases of the project hold over a quarter of a million records gathered from over 80 sources. These records are divided between a text-base of oral history material, a GIS of land records, and a series of database files from various sources. This paper documents the strategies employed to improve the linking between database records. Both explicit and implicit criteria were employed in record linkage. Explicit criteria were those based on linking between the contents of records. Implicit criteria were those based on the relationship between groups of records. Implicit criteria were found to be a very useful means of linking records, as well as a powerful tool for locating errors containing anomalies (data integrity). Analysis of the linking process demonstrates that using implicit criteria can improve the linkage of records. Use of such criteria also enables questions to be addressed of the data about the hidden relationships that went into forming the source information. By making databases sensitive to the real world relationships that surrounded the source the records sprang from, a better model of the past can be created.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Donkin, Scott http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6211 2010-06-08T12:30:31Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Digital images forever: implementing an imaging system in a cultural institution Authors: Donkin, Scott Abstract: This paper deals with the decision-making and challenges that arose out of the implementation of a large-scale digital imaging project by the Powerhouse Museum. With the implementation of the Powerhouse's Imaging Project came the creation of its Image Centre. This paper discusses its role, the services provided, preparation of its equipment and the procedures developed for capturing, storing and retrieving images. Most importantly, the issues of technological change upon an image archive are discussed. The Powerhouse Museum's Imaging System, as it stands today, does what was intended. It delivers images and related data to staff and public for the purposes of research, promotion, education and more. The Museum's Image Centre was set up to scan, manipulate, print and archive images. This Centre has evolved into a high-resolution digital imaging service and continues to create and upload images to the Imaging System. However, without a plan for constant review and update, even archives of beautifully scanned images and comprehensive data are worthless if those archives cannot be reused because the mechanisms for accessing the media - or the applications that they run on, have become obsolete. The Museum's next step, therefore, is a policy for regular re-evaluation.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Cope, Bill http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6210 2010-06-08T12:30:31Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Publishing in the Humanities: The Challenges and the Possibilities in New e-Book and d-Book Technologies Authors: Cope, Bill Abstract: Publishing in the humanities occurs in one of two major ways. The first is through conventional commercial academic channels which are skewed towards longer production run 'general' books; which often produce an outrageously expensive final product; and which usually return little or nothing to authors. The second is through subsidised, highly localised publication, which often does not have the credibility of conventional publishing, nor the breadth of distribution. Dramatic shifts in technology have the potential to address some of these difficulties. These shifts are centred around internet accessible e-books (electronic files downloadable to personal computers, hand held book readers etc) and d-books (books printed on demand at the moment of online purchase). This paper reports on a research project which explored the cultural and commercial potentials in these developments. It also briefly discusses an experimental mixed medium Creator-to-Consumer (C2C) publishing system in development at Common Ground Publishing, including experimental academic (www.theHumanties.com ; www.theLearner.com) and literary (www.WorldWriting.com) sites. The research project upon which this paper reports consisted of a two-tiered survey of the publishing, printing, bookselling and information management sectors. This research revealed a range of shifting dynamics across the whole breadth of what once was called 'book publishing'. A set of such proposed responses, as well a model electronic platform for content creation and dissemination, was made to the Government in our March 2000 report. This paper will conclude by discussing the implications of this research for academic publishing in general, and publishing in the humanities in particular.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Stinson, John Chrisfield, Ted http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6209 2010-06-08T12:30:37Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Medieval Music on the Web Authors: Stinson, John; Chrisfield, Ted Abstract: In 1994 La Trobe University Library at Bundoora, Victoria mounted a database of medieval music on the Web. In its earliest version, this contained bibliographical information about every piece if music known to have been composed in the fourteenth century: some 3,198 works contained in 427 manuscripts by 150 composers. In 1996, a complete cycle of Gregorian chant from fourteenth-century sources was added to this, with transcriptions of the music into modern notation and links to colour images of original manuscripts. This latter database is searchable by melody as well as by text. This site now attracts 100,000 hits per month; and with the closure of the music department at La Trobe University, the database is being moved to a new site, its search engine revised and its scope expanded. This paper will be presented by the two authors of the database and will discuss aspects of its development and its transition to a new site.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Caffarel, Alice Develotte, Christine http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6208 2010-06-08T12:30:31Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Online Support for Learning French at University Authors: Caffarel, Alice; Develotte, Christine Abstract: This paper will focus on ways in which the Internet is being used at the University of Sydney for teaching and learning French at introductory and advanced levels. First, we will discuss the online component of the beginner's course, which has been developed to enrich and complement classroom interaction. We will discuss some of the choices involved in the design of the online FRNC1101 site, which aims at providing useful resources both for supporting what students learn in the classroom context and for encouraging autonomous learning. Secondly, we will discuss how advanced learners of French use online data for research purposes. We will present the projects students had to complete, and give examples of the ways in which they undertook their research. Finally, we will present a summary of students' perceptions and evaluations of these new modes of learning. How does it affect their learning process, as well as their ability to interact in the target language? Does it encourage communication? These are some of the questions that we will address.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Bulkeley, Tim http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6207 2010-06-08T12:30:36Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Hypertext and commentary writing: the Postmodern Bible Commentary project Authors: Bulkeley, Tim Abstract: The commentary is a traditional genre of scholarly communication in the humanities. In this genre the text of an older work is explicated by remarks and discussion, including often of its historical situation, linguistic expression, social setting and interests etc. In print the genre commentary has until very recently used few hypertext features (the extended footnote being the most common). True hypertext (of the kind that electronic publication makes possible) demands a different style of writing from traditional academic communications. Linking lexia and hypermedia elements offer new possibilities for enriching commentary. Interface design has been an issue even for print commentaries, but becomes a central and even determining factor for electronic communication. New norms and conventions have not yet been established in these areas, and the genre commentary imposes its own requirements and goals. This presentation will build on the experience of working on a first volume in a hypertext biblical commentary series (http://www.auckland.ac.nz/acte/pmb/ http://www.auckland.ac.nz/acte/pmb/) to suggest some ways in which these factors may be integrated into the traditional genre producing changes of form and function. The possible extent of these changes will be explored.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Brown-May, Andrew http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6206 2010-06-08T12:30:31Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Hyperhistory: networked hypermedia and historical understanding in the Encyclopedia of Melbourne online project Authors: Brown-May, Andrew Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Melbourne is currently being developed in an interactive online format, concerned with how to portray a city not just as a fixed and historicised place but as a complex organism, showing its development in space and time and the shifting understandings of a sense of place developed by those who live and work in it. By crafting the pathways by which information is accessible, and by shaping the layers of content and interpretation, the online Encyclopedia hopes to engender in individual users critical skills and ways of thinking that historians consider valuable in understanding the past and our place in the contemporary world. While historians have perceived the potential of digital media, progress has been constrained by intellectual conservatism, modest financial support, and various shortcomings of processes for the creation and dissemination of historical information in digital form. This paper will review ways in which historians have addressed the city in digital form, elaborate the goals of the Encyclopedia of Melbourne online project and report on its progress, and address the issue of whether networked hypermedia can be a means of facilitating critical perspectives on the past, or whether it simply complements traditional modes of disseminating historical knowledge.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Brown, Andrew R. Towsey, Michael Wright, Susan Diederich, Joachim http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6205 2010-06-08T12:30:30Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Statistical analysis of the features of diatonic music with jMusic Authors: Brown, Andrew R.; Towsey, Michael; Wright, Susan; Diederich, Joachim Abstract: Much has been written about the rules of melody writing and this paper reports research that uses computer-based statistical analysis to test the efficacy of these rules. As a method to assist in the computer generation of melodies, we have devised computer software that analyses melodic features. This paper will outline the melodic features identified in melody-writing literature and the results of their fit with our statistical analysis of melodies from the western music repertoire. We will also present details of the computer-based analysis software and the jMusic software environment in which it was built. The software and jMusic environment are open source software projects that are freely available, and so opportunities to develop these tools to suit other music analysis tasks will be discussed.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Biber, Hanno Breiteneder, Evelyn Moerth, Karlheinz http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6204 2010-06-08T12:30:36Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Austrian Academy Corpus Digital Resources and Textual Studies Authors: Biber, Hanno; Breiteneder, Evelyn; Moerth, Karlheinz Abstract: The Austrian Academy Corpus (AAC) is a newly founded institution based at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. It was designed to set up a text corpus and to conduct research in the field of electronic text corpora. The electronic text collections established at the AAC so far and its future projects will mainly focus on electronic representations not only of literary texts, literary magazines, journals and newspapers but also on a carefully considered selection of texts from many cultural and social domains. The aim of the proposed paper is to investigate the potential of digital resources for textual studies in various fields of the humanities. The paper will consider the advance of new systems of digital representation and its implications for the study of language, literature and cultural history. The paper will show the range of interests pursued in the AAC research group. It will be concerned with the general organisational structures of the AAC, the specific selection criteria for the great variety of texts which will form the AAC, and finally, examine practical issues in digitising the magazine "Die Weltbühne", giving special attention to the applicability of XML Schemas in literary computing.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Berrie, Phill http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6203 2010-06-08T12:30:36Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Are Electronic Editions Inherently Obsolete? Authors: Berrie, Phill Abstract: This paper looks at some of the theoretical background behind technologies being developed at the Australian Scholarly Editions Centre for a new form of resource for the study of historical works of literature. Some of the unique features of these technologies are that they support conflicting points of view (including conflicting structural markup) and also allow simultaneous, parallel development by multiple researchers on the same parts of the work. Archivists talk about maintaining digital assets through use rather than preservation so that demand for the asset will ensure its propagation long-term. To achieve this end a digital asset must be as versatile as possible so as to meet all requirements for those who might want to use it. If it does not do this it will be superseded by something that does meet those needs creating new witness states in the record and confusion for future literary researchers. The word "edition" is a term from the print paradigm and implies a fixed publication with features proscribed by the medium. Technical and feature obsolescence will eventually cause these "electronic editions" to be either superseded or lost from the human record. A better type of resource is one that can be continually developed by its multiple users, while maintaining its textual authenticity, thereby ensuring its continued maintenance long after its original creator is gone. This paper looks at the reasoning behind the need for a new paradigm for creating and maintaining text-based digital assets and provides examples of a work in progress that solves some of the inherent limitations of the print-based "edition" paradigm.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Barwell, Graham http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6202 2010-06-08T12:30:36Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Authenticated Electronic Editions Project: A Progress Report Authors: Barwell, Graham Abstract: The paper will report on developments in the Authenticated Electronic Editions (AEE) Project and consider some of the implications for textual scholarship. The AEE project will produce robust, flexible, long-lasting and readily accessible electronic editions of textual works. A particularly innovative part is the development and use of Just In Time Markup (JITM). This is designed to solve a major problem associated with electronic texts: the maintenance of the integrity of the core text while it is being proliferated, translated across platforms, manipulated, supplemented and analysed. JITM ensures ongoing textual integrity by using a stand-off markup technique. Descriptive markup tags are kept in an overlay file, rather than embedded in the text, and are applied to the target document prior to processing. This system allows for conflicting structural markup and simultaneous development by different people, whose efforts can be kept separate or consolidated as desired. The project testbed is the creation of an electronic edition of Marcus Clark's His Natural Life, a work whose textual complexity makes it ideal for the medium. The paper will outline work carried out in the first stage of the project: the architecture of the edition, the JITM system, the implementation of SGML-based tagging, the preparation of digitised page images of significant versions of the novel.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Balnaves, Edmund http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6201 2010-06-08T12:30:34Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Managing multimedia content databases Authors: Balnaves, Edmund Abstract: The Internet provides an effective means of dissemination of information in the Humanities, and so in many cases the Internet is becoming the primary or even only form for dissemination of information. In this context, the effective management of published resources becomes essential. Management of published multimedia content on the internet must deal with not only the Content Management but issues of technological obsolescence, effective management and reuse of the digital assets, and version control of information. Sites must address the established disciplines of effective description, classification and preservation to be more than just transient sources of information. Content Management systems on their own address only one part of the problem: the workflow management of publication and separation of content from presentation. The theory toward a Content Management System design that incorporates elements of digital asset management and version control will be described and a working system that implements these principles through internal XML definition of content structures and use of relational database techniques to provide database content management.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Ayres, Marie-Louise http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6200 2010-06-08T12:30:34Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Austlit: A Gateway on steroids Authors: Ayres, Marie-Louise Abstract: Austlit: The Australian Literature Gateway provides access to bibliographical records on almost 400 000 Australian creative and critical works (regardless of format), and to biographical and organisational information on more than 10 000 Australian authors and literary organisations. The Gateway was formed by a consortia of eight universities and the National Library, incorporates records from a number of previously existing databases, and aims to provide Australian students and researchers with a single access point for their Australian literature needs. The Gateway system was custom built and employs leading edge knowledge models (including IFLA's 'Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records' for works; the INDECS model for agents and their relationships with works; and Topic Maps for creating flexible relationships) and enabling and delivery technologies such as Z39.50, XML and XSL. The Gateway is the first large scale implementation of IFLA's FRBR model, and is an early adopter of INDECS and Topic Maps. This paper will report on the reasons behind the choice of models, how these models were implemented, and what the implications of adopting these models have been from both the production system and user perspectives.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Stephen, Anthony Jon, Patrick http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6199 2010-06-08T12:30:30Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Discourse Semantics for the Analysis of Change in Language Authors: Stephen, Anthony; Jon, Patrick Abstract: This paper purports to elaborate and address several issues which lie at the intersection of computational linguistics and psychology. The first issue addressed is that of the interaction between discourse and semantics by virtue of empirical linguistic and psychotherapeutic evidence. This paper then gives a formal account of the knowledge representation and reasoning processes involved in the construction of an XML knowledge base for use in the sematic analysis of psychotherapeutic transcripts. Computational methods for the automatic mark-up and inference of the psychotherapeutic phenomena under investigation are detailed in order to further develop intuitions behind a particular pragmatic theory of language known as the Metamodel. The work presented here ultimately aims to produce a sustainable system for the evaluation of the effectiveness of any given psychotherapeutic technique. The possibility exists for such a system to recognise successful therapeutic mechanisms and further still, to infer new ones, or suggest improvements, or offer novel explanations as to the success or failure of the therapy itself. The work discussed here stems from research in computational linguistics, psychotherapy, and philosophy. The corpus used is a culmination of client transcripts taken before, during, and after therapy. The particular therapeutic technique used here is known as the Metamodel (Bandler and Grinder, 1975). The Metamodel was originally proffered as a method of language analysis suitable for use by practitioners of any psychotherapeutic technique. It theorises that speech utterances are related to a clients deep structure through three primary mechanisms, namely generalisation, deletion, and distortion. Previous hand tagging of our data has proven support for such claims. It is our aim to automate the identification and reasoning process. The issues and processes involved in the automation of such tagging are discussed here. Architectural and philosophical issues relating syntax (or grammar), semantics (Larson and Segal, 1995), and pragmatics (Grice, 1989; Searle, 1969) are raised. Discourse Representation Theory (Kamp, 1981; Asher and Lascarides, 1995) is discussed and used here in order to infer discourse relations.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Koch, Grace http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6198 2010-06-08T12:30:29Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Small voices in cyberspace: digitisation issues for research archives Authors: Koch, Grace Abstract: he paper examines how the challenges of new technology affect research archives holding audiovisual materials. It will examine issues of ethics in dissemination of recordings, resource implications, standardisation, and other issues pertinent to research archives. International projects and initiatives will be examined, with reference to the work of Unesco and the International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archive

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Calzolari, Nicoletta Zampolli, Antonio http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6197 2010-06-08T12:30:29Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The EAGLES/ISLE initiative for setting standards: the Computational Lexicon Working Group for Multilingual Lexicons Authors: Calzolari, Nicoletta; Zampolli, Antonio Abstract: ISLE (International Standards for Language Engineering), a transatlantic standards oriented initiative under the Human Language Technology (HLT) programme, is a continuation of the long standing EAGLES (Expert Advisory Group for Language Engineering Standards) initiative, carried out by European and American groups within the EU-US International Research Co-operation, supported by NSF and EC. The objective is to support HLT R&D international and national projects, and HLT industry, by developing and promoting widely agreed and urgently demanded HLT standards and guidelines for infrastructural language resources, tools, and HLT products. ISLE targets the areas of multilingual computational lexicons (MCL), natural interaction and multimodality (NIMM), and evaluation. For MCL, ISLE is working to: extend EAGLES work on lexical semantics, necessary to establish inter-language links; design standards for multilingual lexicons; develop a prototype tool to implement lexicon guidelines; create EAGLES-conformant sample lexicons and tag corpora for validation purposes; develop standardised evaluation procedures for lexicons. For NIMM, a rapidly innovating domain urgently requiring early standardisation, ISLE work is targeted to develop guidelines for: creation of NIMM data resources; interpretative annotation of NIMM data, including spoken dialogue; annotation of discourse phenomena. For evaluation, ISLE is working on: quality models for machine translation systems; maintenance of previous guidelines - in an ISO based framework. We concentrate in the paper on the Computational Lexicon Working Group, describing in detail the proposals of guidelines for the "Multilingual ISLE Lexical Entry" (MILE). We highlight some methodological principles applied in previous EAGLES, and followed in defining MILE. We also provide a description of the EU SIMPLE semantic lexicons built on the basis of previous EAGLES recommendations. Their importance is given by the fact that these lexicons are now enlarged to real-size lexicons within National Projects in 8 EU countries, thus building a really large infrastructural platform of harmonised lexicons in Europe. We will stress the relevance of standardised language resources also for the humanities applications. Numerous theories, approaches, systems are taken into account in ISLE, as any recommendation for harmonisation must build on the major contemporary approaches. Results will be widely disseminated, after validation in collaboration with EU and US HLT R&D projects, and industry. EAGLES work towards de facto standards has already allowed the field of Language Resources to establish broad consensus on key issues for some well-established areas - and will allow similar consensus to be achieved for other important areas through the ISLE project - providing thus a key opportunity for further consolidation and a basis for technological advance. EAGLES previous results in many areas have in fact already become de facto widely adopted standards, and EAGLES itself is a well-known trademark and a point of reference for HLT projects.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z Pitti, Daniel. V. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6196 2010-06-08T12:30:28Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Creators of Culture: Encoded Archival Context Authors: Pitti, Daniel. V. Abstract: Encoded Archival Context (EAC) is an ongoing initiative within the international archival community to design and implement a prototype standard based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for encoding descriptions of record creators. The primary audience for this prototype standard is the international archival community. The description of the individuals, families, and organizations who create records is an essential component of long-term preservation of and access to the documentary evidence of human activity. Identifying record creating entities, recording the names or designations used by and for them, describing their essential functions, activities, and characteristics, and the dates when and places in which they were active or over which they had some responsibility is an essential component of the curating of archival records. Creator description facilitates both access to and interpretation and understanding of records. EAC is thus intended to be both a means and an end. Description of creators is also essential in the description of bibliographic, museum, and other information, and thus EAC may be of interest to these other communities as well. As the custodians of the records upon which biographies and organization histories are based, archivists are well-placed to develop a standard that will assist in the fulfillment of their professional responsibilities, and at the same time lay the foundation for building international biographical and organization history reference resources.

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z